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Prospects for Vaccination Against Larval Cestode Infections
Published in Max J. Miller, E. J. Love, Parasitic Diseases: Treatment and Control, 2020
Resistance to challenge infection plays a central role in controlling the natural transmission of larval taeniid cestodes.1 Studies carried out in New Zealand during regional control campaigns for ovine cysticercosis due to Taenia ovis infection have highlighted the importance of immunity.2 Treatment of all dogs every 6 weeks to remove adult tapeworms substantially reduced the numbers of T. ovis cysticerci found in lambs killed in abattoirs. However, the reduced contamination of pasture resulted in a population of sheep with no immunity derived from natural infection, so that when an infected dog entered a “clean” district, severe outbreaks of cysticercosis occurred in the susceptible sheep in areas up to 30,000 ha around the focus of contamination. Because of the prolific egg production of all Taenia spp. in both man and animals, a vaccine to replace immunity conferred by natural infection is necessary to enable effective control of these parasites.
An Overview of Helminthiasis
Published in Venkatesan Jayaprakash, Daniele Castagnolo, Yusuf Özkay, Medicinal Chemistry of Neglected and Tropical Diseases, 2019
Leyla Yurttaș, Betül Kaya Çavușoğlu, Derya Osmaniye, Ulviye Acar Çevik
Cestodes are widespread and can infect all classes of vertebrates on all continents, even if they principally affect populations in resource-poor countries (Beveridge and Jones 2002). Cestodes includes species allocated into two genera of tapeworms: Diphyllobothriidae and Taeniidae. The family Taeniidae consists of two types of worms: Taenia, which mainly causes cysticercosis in intermediate hosts, and Echinococcus, leading to echinococcosis at the larval stage (Hagg et al. 2008).
Taenia
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
The genus Taenia is a member of the family Taeniidae, order Cyclophyllidea (terrestrial cycles, scolex with suckers), subclass Eucestoda (segmented, hermaphroditic), class Cestoda (tapeworms), phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms), kingdom Animalia.
Echinococcosis in a non-endemic country – 20-years’ surgical experience from a Norwegian tertiary referral Centre
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
Sheraz Yaqub, Mogens Jensenius, Ole Einar Heieren, Anders Drolsum, Frank O. Pettersen, Knut Jørgen Labori
Echinococcosis in humans occurs as a result of infection by the larval stages of taeniid cestodes of the genus Echinococcus. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato causes cystic echinococcosis (CE), a chronic cyst-forming disease [1,2]. E. multilocularis causes alveolar echinococcosis (AE), in which the larval mass resembles a malignancy in appearance and behaviour, and proliferates indefinitely by exogenous budding and invades the surrounding tissues. CE occurs worldwide in sheep-raising areas including Africa, the Mediterranean region of Europe, the Middle East, Asia, South America, Australia, and New Zealand [1]. Conversely, AE is primarily endemic in northern latitudes where wild foxes and coyotes act as principal hosts. The incidence of echinococcosis is very low in the Scandinavian countries and is almost exclusively seen as imported cases [3,4].
Vaccine for a neglected tropical disease Taenia solium cysticercosis: fight for eradication against all odds
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2021
Rimanpreet Kaur, Naina Arora, Suraj S Rawat, Anand Kumar Keshri, Shubha Rani Sharma, Amit Mishra, Gagandeep Singh, Amit Prasad
Antigens from different species of Taeniidae family show cross-reactivity and provide cross-protection from other parasitic infections [33,40]. Crude antigens of different Taenia species such as T. crassiceps, T. saginata, T. asiatica, and T. ovis were used to vaccinate the pigs against cysticercosis infection. The T. crassiceps has an almost similar life cycle as T. solium and it causes cysticercosis in mice. To evaluate cross protecting immunity generated by T. crassiceps and T. solium, mice (BALB/c and BALB/d) were vaccinated with T. crassiceps extract and it was found that the parasite load was significantly reduced in the susceptible BALB/c mice strain. Vaccination with 100 µg of crude extract of T. crassiceps antigens/mouse provided 99% protection against T. solium in male mice whereas 60–70% protection in female mice. This was higher than immunization with T. solium crude antigens [41]. This experiment not only confirmed the suitability of T. crassiceps for vaccination but also established T. crassiceps induced cysticercosis in mice as a convenient lab animal model for T. solium vaccine development-related studies. The T. solium scolex protein antigens (SPA) were also used to immunize Yorkshire pigs along with incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA) or Corynebacterium parvum (CP) and a protection level of up to 71.43% (SPA+IF) and 75% was observed (SPA+CP) [35]. The presence of antibodies against five major proteins of molecular weight 13, 48, 70, 85, and 105 kDa in the sera of vaccinated pigs were noted, which were not present in non-vaccinated pig’s serum indicating the role of all these five proteins in eliciting an immune response.