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The Challenge of Parasite Control
Published in Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin, Parasitology, 2023
Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin
Humans become exposed to a wide range of parasites through the consumption of food items containing infective life cycle stages. The beef tapeworm (Taenia saginata), for instance, is contracted by eating raw or undercooked beef infected with tapeworm cysticerci. Likewise, the lung fluke (Paragonimus westermani) is transmitted to fish-eating mammals, including humans, when they eat undercooked or raw freshwater crabs containing metacercariae.
Infection-Associated Ocular Cranial Nerve Palsies
Published in Vivek Lal, A Clinical Approach to Neuro-Ophthalmic Disorders, 2023
Hardeep Singh Malhotra, Imran Rizvi, Neeraj Kumar, Kiran Preet Malhotra, Gaurav Kumar, Manoj K. Goyal, Manish Modi, Ravindra Kumar Garg, Vivek Lal
Infestation of the cyst form of Taenia solium, and rarely Taenia saginata, causes cysticercosis. Subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscle, brain, and eyes are common sites of infestation. Ocular or adnexal involvement may occur in 13–46% of cases with multiple site involvement, but isolated adnexal cases are uncommon.
Candida and parasitic infection: Helminths, trichomoniasis, lice, scabies, and malaria
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Taenia saginata and T. solium have a worldwide distribution and cause taeniasis or tapeworm infection. Adult taenias are 3 to 8m in length and comprise a small scolex (1–2mm) and multiple proglottids, each about 0.5cm × 1–2mm in size (32). Taenia eggs are yellow to brown and spherical, with thick shells (Fig. 4). The life cycle of the taenias involves a definitive host (humans) and an intermediate host (T. saginata, cattle; T. solium, pigs). Eggs are passed in feces and reach pastures where they are ingested by the intermediate host. The larvae hatch and migrate to the muscle tissue, where they remain until the raw beef or pork is ingested by the definitive host. The infective form (cysticerci) requires 3 to 5 months to mature to adulthood. Taenia adult worms may live in the human small intestine for 25 years. The diagnosis of taenia infection is based on identification of eggs or proglottid segments in the patient’s stool specimen (32).
Parasites in surgically removed appendices as a neglected public health concern: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2022
Aida Vafae Eslahi, Meysam Olfatifar, Elham Houshmand, Amir Abdoli, Behzad Bijani, Sima Hashemipour, Razzagh Mahmoudi, Elham Hajialilo, Mohammad Javad Abbaszadeh Afshar, Ali Reza Mohammadzadeh, Milad Badri
Taeniasis, a meat-born parasitic infection caused by Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm) and T. solium (pig tapeworm), is another helminthic infection that rarely affects the appendix. Humans are the final host of these parasitic helminths and they get infected through consuming raw or under-cooked meat [44–47] Our analysis revealed that the worldwide prevalence rates of taeniasis in appendicitis was 0.002% (95% CI; 0.001 to 0.005), which the highest rate was from African countries (0.005%, 95% CI; 0.002 to 0.009), and countries with humidity levels of 40–75% (0.013%, 95% CI; 0.001 to 0.007), annual rainfall of 401–1000 mm (0.003%, 95% CI; 0.001 to 0.007), and average temperature of 10–20°C (0.012%, 95% CI; 0.001 to 0.006) (Figure 4 & Supplementary Table 2). Probably, these situations protect the parasite’s eggs from destruction and inactivation, which consequently increases the risk of infection in intermediate hosts by grazing in infected rangelands.
Fabrication of Niclosamide loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: in vitro characterization and comparative in vivo evaluation
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Maqsood Ur Rehman, Mir Azam Khan, Waheed S. Khan, Muhammad Shafique, Munasib Khan
Niclosamide (NCS) is an oral anthelminthic drug having chemical name 5-chloro-N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-hydroxybenzamide [8]. NCS is yellowish or yellowish-white, fine crystals, practically insoluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol [9]. NCS is used for five decades against tapeworm infections including Taenia saginata, Diphyllobothrium latum, Taenia solium and Hymenolepis nana infections [10].
Prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections in Kurdistan province, northwest Iran
Published in Cogent Medicine, 2018
Fares Bahrami, Ali Haghighi, Ghasem Zamini, Mohammad Bagher Khadem-Erfan, Eznolla Azargashb
Taenia saginata which is usually called the beef tapeworm infects humans through eating raw or poorly cooked beef. The presence of the tapeworm in the intestine can cause some abdominal discomfort, mild diarrhea, and weight loss (Dorny & Praet, 2007).