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Recent Developments in Therapies and Strategies Against COVID-19
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Misbah Hameed, M. Zia-Ul-Haq, Marius Moga
Niclosamide is also an anthelmintic drug and is commonly used to treat tapeworm infestations. It is FDA approved as an anthelmintic for over 50 years now for the past five years it has seen increasing interest in its anticancer use. Niclosamide works by inhibiting glucose uptake, process of oxidative phosphorylation, and anaerobic metabolism in the tapeworms.
Drug Repurposing and Novel Antiviral Drugs for COVID-19 Management
Published in Debmalya Barh, Kenneth Lundstrom, COVID-19, 2022
Shailendra Dwivedi, Aakanksha Rawat, Amit Ranjan, Ruchika Agrawal, Radhieka Misra, Sunil Kumar Gupta, Surekha Kishore, Sanjeev Misra
Niclosamide (NIC) (FW-1002 [First Wave Bio]; ANA001 [ANA Therapeutics]) is a well-known anthelmintic agent used for tapeworm infestations. The action of niclosamide against SARS-CoV-2 is by S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2)-inhibition preventing autophagy and blocking endocytosis, thus disrupting replication. This mode of action is thought to decrease the gut viral load. AzurRx BioPharma has started its Phase II clinical trial to evaluate safety and the potential of micronized oral NIC tablets to improve outcomes and reduce hospital stay in patients with COVID-19 gastrointestinal (GI) infections [36].
Candida and parasitic infection: Helminths, trichomoniasis, lice, scabies, and malaria
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Niclosamide, a salicylanilide, inhibits oxidative phosphor-ylation in the cestode mitochondria, killing the worm on contact. Niclosamide has been shown to have no teratogenic effect in rat and rabbit studies (45). No human malformations have been reported (pregnancy category B). The drug is poorly absorbed, but no information is available on niclosamide levels in breastmilk or on its ability to cross the placenta. There are inadequate data to assure the safety of uninterrupted breastfeeding following niclosamide therapy. Since single-dose therapy is used, temporary interruption (24 hours) of breastfeeding with disposal of milk can accommodate this therapy.
Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis in Guatemala: a prevalent public health problem?
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2023
Roderico David Hernández-Chea, Paola Morales-Ramírez, Marisela Hernández, Andrea Toledo, Alejandro Hun, Edda Sciutto, Agnès Fleury
Three commercial anthelmintics, albendazole, praziquantel and niclosamide, have been widely used with great efficacy against taeniasis. Niclosamide and albendazole are registered and approved by the IGSS (Guatemalan Social Security Institute) as anthelmintic drugs. Allan et al. [17] used niclosamide in a mass drug administration (MDA) program against T. solium in two rural communities in Guatemala. The prevalence of human taeniasis before MDA was 3.5% (56/1582), but it decreased to 1% (11/1116) 10 months later. All tapeworms collected were identified as T. solium. Parallel to human taeniasis, the high seroprevalence (55%, 148/269) of porcine cysticercosis before MDA decreased to 7% (22/300) 10 months after the intervention. Despite its success in these communities, the effect of these actions was not followed up. In addition, there are no standardized national protocols for the treatment of patients with taeniasis in Guatemala. With respect to NCC, although albendazole is widely used in the country, there are no standard protocols for the care, management, and treatment of NCC patients.
Emerging hormonal agents for the treatment of prostate cancer
Published in Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 2022
Emily Bochner, Sam Gold, Ganesh V. Raj
Another AR-targeted agent of interest is niclosamide, an oral medication commonly used in the treatment of tapeworms. Niclosamide has a wide range of molecular targets, including Wnt/beta-catenin, mTORC1, STAT3, NF-kB, and Notch pathway signaling [59]. Its oncologic applications and anti-tumor activity have been elucidated in various solid and hematologic tumors. Recent studies have shown the anti-tumor activity of niclosamide in PCa occurs through AR-V7 targeting [60]. As mentioned, the presence of AR-V7 allows for ligand-independent AR signaling. In a key study, Liu et al. found niclosamide can reverse hormone resistance in enzalutamide and bicalutamide-resistant PCa [61]. However, the phase I dose escalation study investigating the use of niclosamide in combination with enzalutamide in men with CRPC, was limited by toxicity and the inability to achieve minimum effective concentration in preclinical studies [62]. Adverse events included nausea, anorexia, weight loss, and vomiting. A phase I trial investigating the safety of reformulated niclosamide in combination with enzalutamide is currently underway (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03123978). However, achieving optimal niclosamide dosing while balancing adverse events secondary to niclosamide may prove to be a challenge. There is an ongoing phase II study investigating the side effects and efficacy of niclosamide in combination with abiraterone and prednisone in men with CRPC (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02807805).
Drug repurposing strategies and key challenges for COVID-19 management
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2022
Shubham Mule, Ajit Singh, Khaled Greish, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Prashant Kesharwani, Rahul Shukla
Parasite infections induced by roundworms, pinworms and tapeworms are treated with niclosamide. These are some ’f the drug's primary modes of action which involve prevention of endocytosis-mediated viral entry by inhibiting cathepsin L, while others involve inhibiting (SKP2) S-phase kinases linked protein 2 and prevention of SARS-CoV2 autophagy. The drug causes a conformational modification in the spike protein of the virus, which prevents the virus and endocytosis related ACE2 receptor from binding. Niclosamide, like CQ, has antiviral effects via pH-mediated endocytosis that interferes with SKP2 activity and inhibits SARS-CoV2 replication [145]. Although there is insufficient data for the niclosamide effectiveness against COVID-19, five current RCTs will offer information ’n the drug's effectiveness for the management of COVID-19.