China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Antimetabolites
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Pentostatin (NipentTM) (Figure 3.13) was initially isolated from Streptomyces antibioticus in the mid-1970s, and a full synthesis was reported in 1982. It was approved for clinical use in 1991. Structure of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor pentostatin (NipentTM).
Chemical Hybridization Approaches Applied to Natural and Synthetic Compounds for the Discovery of Drugs Active Against Neglected Tropical Diseases
Published in Venkatesan Jayaprakash, Daniele Castagnolo, Yusuf Özkay, Medicinal Chemistry of Neglected and Tropical Diseases, 2019
Elena Petricci, Paolo Governa, Fabrizio Manetti
Moving toward the concept of hybrid compounds currently most used in drug design and medicinal chemistry, there are examples of molecular hybrids obtained by fermentation in enriched culture media or by genetic engineering. Feeding erythronolide B, an intermediate of erythromycin biosynthesis, to Streptomyces antibioticus, a strain able to produce oleandomycin (a 14-membered macrolide similar to erythromycin), a small series of new erythromycin/oleandomycin hybrid antibiotics was obtained (Spagnoli et al. 1983). As an alternative, isolation of genes that codify for isochromanequinone antibiotics and their transfer between different strains of Streptomyces allowed production of new hybrid compounds by integrated biosynthetic pathways derived from two different streptomycetes. Following this approach, new hybrid antibiotics were obtained by gene transfer between microorganisms able to produce different antibiotics (Hopwood et al. 1985).
Current and Future Perspectives of Marine Drugs for Cancer Disorders: A Critical Review
Published in Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg, Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
Bhaskaran Mahendran, Thirumalaraju Vaishnavi, Vishakante Gowda, Johurul Islam, Narahari Rishitha, Arunachalam Muthuraman, Rajavel Varatharajan
Marine blue-green algae also are known as cyanobacteria are possessed the novel bioactive compounds and are used for the various pharmaceutical applications (Abed et al., 2009). The major marine cyanobacteria compounds, i.e., scytonemin has potential anticancer effects due to its potential inhibitory action of serine/threonine kinase in cancer cells (Strebhardt and Ullrich, 2006). This molecule mainly isolated from the cyanobacterium Stigonema sp. In addition, scytonemin regulates the formation of cytoskeletal proteins, i.e., a mitotic spindle which is required for cell division process which leads to reducing the proliferation of fibroblasts and endothelial cancer cells (Matutes, 2018). In addition, indole, and phenanthridine alkaloids of microalgae, i.e., calothrixin A and B have potential anticancer effects at nanomolar concentrations (Sithranga Boopathy and Kathiresan, 2010). The extracts of Calothrix also inhibit the growth of human HeLa cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner (Gonzalez-Resendiz et al., 2018). Further, newer molecules, i.e., curacin-A (isolated from Lyngbya majuscula shown potent antiproliferative action on the breast, colon, and renal cancer cells via inhibits of tubulin polymerization process (Giordano et al., 2018). The isolation of largazole is also reported to produce the antiproliferative actions and it is obtained from Symploca Sp (Taori et al., 2008). The apratoxins also acts on adenocarcinoma cells and this compound is isolated from Lyngbya boulloni (Swain et al., 2015). Similarly, coibamide A is also shown cytotoxic effects on lung and neuro-2a cells. This compound is isolated from Leptolyngbya lagerheimii (Calderon et al., 1999). Currently, cyanovirin, cryptophycin 1 & 8, and borophycin, have anticancer potential in a variety of cancer cells (Sithranga Boopathy and Kathiresan, 2010). Borophycin (boron-containing metabolite) is isolated from cyanobacterial strains, i.e., Nostoclinckia, Streptomyces antibioticus, and N. spongiaeforme var. tenue (Dembitsky et al., 2011). Cryptophycin 1 also possesses the anticancer potential and it is isolated from NostocSp. It mainly acts in solid tumors (Luesch et al., 2001). Therefore, the source of microalgae can play a key role in the innovation of marine drugs for cancer disorders.
Boron’s neurophysiological effects and tumoricidal activity on glioblastoma cells with implications for clinical treatment
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2019
Meric A. Altinoz, Gulacti Topcu, İlhan Elmaci
The chemistry of boron is determined by its feature to develop trigonal and tetrahedral complexes with hydroxyl groups [7]. Organoboranes in biological systems interact with hydroxyl and amine groups [2]. Boron has a high affinity for oxygen to form borates with enzyme inhibitory efficacies and the physicochemical features of boronic acids render these compounds as versatile candidates for drug development. Boron atoms in biological systems interact with proteins via strong hydrogen bonds and weaker covalent bonds, which provide biological effects (i.e. antiparasitic, antifungal, protease inhibitors and others) [2]. Boron compounds were employed for thousands of years including human mummification in Egypt [10]; and the first recorded medicinal use of boron was by Arabian physicians in 875 AD [8]. This is not surprising as there exist natural boron compounds with inherent antibacterial, antiviral and anticancer activity, and boric acid has been used as antiseptic agent in pharmaceutical formulations over a hundred years [10,11]. Boromycin is a macrolide antibiotic from Streptomyces antibioticus, which damages the bacterial cell membrane and acts bactericidal. Boromycin also arrests the cell cycle of tumor cells and increases their chemosensitivity to antineoplastic agents [11]. Boron-containing antibiotic tartrolons (boromycin and aplasmomycin) from the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum [12] have antiviral and anticancer efficacies [11]. Borophycin, a polyketide molecule from Nostoc species exerted antitumor efficacy on several cancer cell lines [11]. Calcium fructoborate is an edible natural product from plants, which also exerts antioxidant and anticancer activities [11]. Boron also seems to accelarate wound healing and extracellular matrix turnover; indeed, treatment of deep wounds with a 3% boric acid solution shortened the interval of intensive care-requirement by about 66% [13].
The role of UDP-glycosyltransferases in xenobioticresistance
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2022
Diana Dimunová, Petra Matoušková, Radka Podlipná, Iva Boušová, Lenka Skálová
The glucosyltransferase OleD in Streptomyces antibioticus catalyzes the glucosylation of oleandomycin using UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) as the glycosyl donor. This enzyme serves for macrolide inactivation in macrolide-producing microorganisms, but it displays a relatively broad substrate tolerance with a bias toward small aromatic hydroxyl groups, including polyphenols (like daidzein, resveratrol) as well as other aromatic compounds (methylestradiol) (Zhou et al. 2013).