Arcanobacterium

Trimethoprim and Trimethoprim–Sulfamethoxazole (Cotrimoxazole)

Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017

Jason A. Trubiano, M. Lindsay Grayson

CoT is active against many Gram-positive bacilli, such as Corynebacterium diphtheriae and C. pseudodiphtheriticum (Manzella et al., 1995). However, one center reported up to 74% CoT resistance in Corynebacterium spp. isolates (Olender, 2013). Rhodococcus equi is usually susceptible, but CoT does not appear to be bactericidal against this pathogen (Nordmann and Ronco, 1992). Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is usually resistant to CoT (Carlson et al., 1994). TMP is bactericidal against most strains of Listeria monocytogenes, and synergy with SMX has been demonstrated, even when isolates are relatively resistant to SMX alone (Winslow and Pankey, 1982; MacGowan et al., 1990; Appleman et al., 1991; Aarestrup et al., 2007). In recent surveys L. monocytogenes continues to retain CoT in vitro susceptibility in the vast majority of isolates (Prieto et al., 2016; Reis et al., 2011). Bacillus cereus (Leading article, 1983a), B. anthracis (Cavallo et al., 2002), and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (Venditti et al., 1990) are resistant. Gardnerella vaginalis is susceptible in vitro to TMP but not to sulfonamides (Kharsany et al., 1993), and results of the combination yield borderline results (McCarthy et al., 1979).

Published in Ronald M. Atlas, James W. Snyder, Handbook Of Media for Clinical Microbiology, 2006

Ronald M. Atlas, James W. Snyder

Use: For the cultivation of Corynebacterium spp., Actinomyces spp., Arcanobacterium spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae, Lactobacillus iners, Isobaculum melis, Nocardia paucivorans, and a variety of fastidious microorganisms.

Severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C/A) after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection: a report of four adult cases

Published in Infectious Diseases, 2022

M. Sansone, M. Studahl, S. Berg, M. Gisslén, N. Sundell

A 43-year-old female with a history of activated protein C resistance was referred from primary health care to the department of infectious diseases with five days of high fever (∼40 C°), headache, sore throat, and tenderness at the left side neck. She had a PCR-confirmed mild SARS-CoV-2 infection six weeks prior. On admission, she had elevated CRP (140 mg/L) and mild leuko-and thrombocytopenia. The lymphocyte count was slightly low (1.0 × 109/L, reference range 1.1–3.5) and PCR was negative for SARS-CoV-2 in a swab from the nasopharynx. A suspected site of infection in the parapharyngeal area was detected on a CT scan. On day 2 she was transferred to the ICU due to hypotension and signs of cardiac dysfunction. Echocardiography was assessed as normal, but NT-pro-BNP was elevated. During hospitalisation, she developed bilateral non-purulent conjunctivitis and a skin rash. There was no evidence of Lemiérres syndrome or parapharyngeal abscess on further examinations. Symptoms gradually resolved without targeted MIS-C/A treatment, although she received a single dose of 100 mg of hydrocortisone i.v in the ICU for unknown reasons. No infectious pathogen was isolated, and no other plausible diagnosis was established despite extensive testing (including negative bacterial cultures from blood, urine and throat swabs, negative PCR for Fusobacterium necroforum, Arcanobacterium haemolyticum and a negative multiplex gastroenteritis PCR-panel). She improved spontaneously and was discharged after 14 days.