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Lung Cancer (a) Diagnosis and Causes, Smoking Habits, etc.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
Bronchial mucosa may be lost in a variety of conditions including infection etc. Regeneration follows a well recognised pattern, at first a simple stratified squamous type, which 3-4 weeks later differentiates into a columnar ciliated form. It seems probable that squamous metaplasia may result from attempts at regeneration. Commonly the cilia are lost or deformed and many atypical cells may be seen. When columnar cells are lost, basal cells promptly flatten out to cover the basement membrane (Erjefalt et al., 1997).
Pathology of the Thyroid
Published in Madan Laxman Kapre, Thyroid Surgery, 2020
This represents 10% of all thyroid cancers. Cytological criteria are round cells and plasmacytoid cells, spindle cells, polygonal cells, cells with reddish granular cytoplasm, salt and pepper chromatin, and amorphous pink colloid, which in fact is amyloid (Figure 5.9). In the background, squamous metaplasia may be seen. Serum calcitonin is high and is of great utility in making a diagnosis in absence of immunocytochemistry for calcitonin, chromogranin, and synaptophysin.
Skin
Published in Pritam S. Sahota, James A. Popp, Jerry F. Hardisty, Chirukandath Gopinath, Page R. Bouchard, Toxicologic Pathology, 2018
Zbigniew W. Wojcinski, Lydia Andrews-Jones, Daher Ibrahim Aibo, Rie Kikkawa, Robert Dunstan
Metaplasia is the presence of normal tissue in an abnormal location. Squamous cell metaplasia is an adaptive response to irritation of a non-squamous epithelial surface, and therefore not a skin lesion. It is included here for the reader’s reference. Briefly, squamous metaplasia is formation of a skin-like squamous epithelium, that is tough (like skin), and thus better able to protect underlying tissue than the non-squamous epithelium normally present. This additional protection will ultimately result in reduction of underlying inflammation in the area. If the irritant is removed, over time, the squamous metaplasia will resolve with squamous epithelium being replaced by the typical non-squamous epithelium expected in the area. Squamous metaplasia should not be confused with squamous cell neoplasia. Squamous metaplasia will have the normal pattern and cell layering of squamous epithelium, although keratinized layers may be absent. Squamous metaplasia will occur with other changes in the tissue indicating irritation.
DPPG2-based thermosensitive liposomes as drug delivery system for effective muscle-invasive bladder cancer treatment in vivo
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2021
Iris S. G. Brummelhuis, Michiel Simons, Lars H. Lindner, Simone Kort, Sytse de Jong, Martin Hossann, J. Alfred Witjes, Egbert Oosterwijk
Histopathology revealed that all tumors (unresponsive to treatment or from rats in the control group), were high-grade UC with stage T1 or T2 (Figure 3(A)). Without treatment, 85% of the rats had stage T2 (MIBC) at day 14. No T3 or T4 bladder tumors were detected in any of the rats. The therapeutic effect derived from histopathology is discussed in the section below. Mild to moderate inflammation with edema was observed in rats that received intravesical DOX with HT or DPPG2-TSL-DOX with HT, which was more pronounced in the intravesical DOX with HT group compared to iv DPPG2-TSL-DOX with HT. Focally, the inflammatory response was further increased, showing mixed inflammatory infiltrates and occasional fibrosis, possibly indicating prior tumor localization (Figure 3(B)). Epithelial atypia, considered reactive to intravesical treatment or pre-conditioning, was seen in almost all rat bladders, including those in the control group. Squamous metaplasia and hyperplasia, was observed occasionally and randomly divided over groups. Tumor-related necrosis and ulcers were often observed. Mean bladder wall thickness was 1.0 mm (SD 0.4) and mean tumor invasion was 1.1 mm (SD 0.8).
Local Ocular Surface Alterations in Children with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2020
Hasan Kiziltoprak, Mustafa Koc, Kemal Tekin, Rumeysa Hekimoglu, Merve Inanc, Aslıhan Araslı Yılmaz, Selin Elmaoğulları, Zehra Aycan
There are many studies using CIC to evaluate the ocular surface in TO patients who develop secondary to GD.22,29,30 In a study by Ismailova et al.29, the cytological evaluation revealed goblet cell loss, excessive desquamation in superficial cells, and keratinization in epithelia. Researchers stated that these histopathological changes were consistent with dry eye, but not compatible with histopathological changes in TO. In another study, decreases in GCD and squamous metaplasia were detected in TO patients by evaluating with CIC and confocal microscopy.30 Gürdal et al.22 stated that ocular inflammation can be the initial sign of GD, and is the most important cause of dry eye and ocular surface damage. In our study, in contrast to other studies, the ocular surface was evaluated not in patients with GD, but in patients with HT; no significant difference was found between the patients with HT and the patients in the control group in terms of epithelial morphology. All patients were evaluated as stage 0 according to the Nelson classification. GCD was found to be decreased in patients with HT; this finding is consistent with TO-dependent goblet cell depletion in GD.
The effect of topical voriconazole on conjunctiva in rats as revealed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2019
Cumali Degirmenci, Melis Palamar, Hüseyin Aktug, Gürkan Yigittürk, Ali Veral, Ayşe Yagcı
Impression cytology was performed before and after treatment at 15, 30, 45 and 60th days. Obtained data were graded according to Nelson’s classification for squamous metaplasia and were statistically analyzed. On intragroup comparisons for S1, S2, C1 and C2 there were no significant difference (p = .67, p = .54, p = .39, p = .30, respectively). There was no statistical difference between S1 and S2 groups for impression cytology values (p = .06, p = .057, p = .29, p = .29, respectively). There was no statistical difference between C1 and C2 groups at days 15, 30, 45 and 60 (p = .53, p = .53, p = .59, p = .17, respectively). The mean scores of S1 group were statistically different from C1 group at day 60 (p = .04). All other comparisons of S1 group with C1 and C2 groups were not statistically different (all p values >.05). The mean scores of S2 group were statistically different from C1 group in all comparisons (p = .05, p = .03, p = .02, p = .01, respectively). The mean scores of S2 and C2 were also statistically compared and the scores of S2 group were significantly higher than C2 group at days 30, 45 and 60 (p = .04, p = .03, p = .03, respectively), but at day 15 they were statistically similar (p = .09) (Table 1).