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Human Gut Microbiota–Transplanted Gn Pig Models for HRV Infection
Published in Lijuan Yuan, Vaccine Efficacy Evaluation, 2022
At PCD7, there were significant positive correlations between unclassified members of Clostridiales and Mycoplasmataceae and ileal CD8+ T cells. Splenic CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and ileal CD8+ T cells were negatively correlated with Anaerococcus. A negative correlation also existed between splenic CD4+ T cells and Staphylococcus.
The immune system of the genitourinary tract
Published in Phillip D. Smith, Richard S. Blumberg, Thomas T. MacDonald, Principles of Mucosal Immunology, 2020
David A. MacIntyre, Kenneth W. Beagley
The composition of the male reproductive tract microbiota is poorly characterized in comparison to the female reproductive tract. The coronal culcus (the base of the glans penis) and the urethra are colonized by different communities that are often composed of bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis including Prevotella, Atopobium, Megasphaera, and Gemella species. However, much variability in the composition of these communities exists between individuals. The structures of these communities can be strongly influenced by sexual activity as well as by circumcision. Both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches have shown that bacteria also colonize seminal fluid. Semen samples collected from healthy individuals are generally dominated by Lactobacillus taxa, whereas samples collected from donors with abnormal semen parameters are enriched for Anaerococcus, Pseudomonas, and Prevotella species. The role played by these bacteria in the male reproductive tract remains unclear; however, recent studies in mice indicate that seminal fluid microbiome composition is influenced by interactions between estrogen-regulated pathways and innate immunity. For example, mice that do not express the estrogen receptor α have reduced seminal fluid levels of Propionibacterium acnes, the causative agent of chronic prostatitis, and which is a risk factor for prostate cancer.
Metronidazole
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Organisms recovered from infected root canals with periapical abscesses are also polymicrobial. The most frequently isolated anaerobes were Anaerococcus prevotii, Parvimonas micra, and Fusobacterium necrophorum (Sousa et al., 2013). Most abscesses do not require antibiotic therapy but rather mechanical drainage.
The Mucosally-Adherent Rectal Microbiota Contains Features Unique to Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Ting-Chin David Shen, Scott G. Daniel, Shivali Patel, Emily Kaplan, Lillian Phung, Kaylin Lemelle-Thomas, Lillian Chau, Lindsay Herman, Calvin Trisolini, Aimee Stonelake, Emily Toal, Vandana Khungar, Kyle Bittinger, K. Rajender Reddy, Gary D. Wu
Unlike the small bowel, where daily food intake provides a cyclical influx of nutrients to feed the host and a relatively smaller number of microorganisms, the colon is generally considered to be resource-limited with fierce competition among the dense microbial community for undigested and/or unabsorbed food. While dietary complex carbohydrates such as fiber may provide a carbon source for the colonic microbiota via fermentation and cross-feeding,29 nitrogen sources such as amino acids and peptides are generally scarce.30 In our study, we found that the relative abundances of two asaccharolytic (i.e. non-carbohydrate metabolizing) bacterial taxa, Finegoldia magna and Porphorymonas asaccharolytica, are increased in the rectal swabs relative to stool. Along with decreases in carbohydrate metabolic genes/pathways, there is an enrichment in genes/pathways related to protein synthesis and cellular proliferation. These findings suggest that the colonic mucosal microenvironment may be carbohydrate-limiting and/or nitrogen-abundant relative to the lumen. The sources of nitrogen likely include the rich glycoproteins in the mucus layer and/or shedding and turnover of the colonic epithelium.31 In agreement with these findings, prior work by our group as well as others have shown increased relative abundances of asaccharolytic bacteria including Finegoldia, Porphorymonas, Anaerococcus, and Peptoniphilus in the mucosal microbiome compared to the fecal microbiome.13,18,32,33
Distinct maternal microbiota clusters are associated with diet during pregnancy: impact on neonatal microbiota and infant growth during the first 18 months of life
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Izaskun García-Mantrana, Marta Selma-Royo, Sonia González, Anna Parra-Llorca, Cecilia Martínez-Costa, María Carmen Collado
Specifically, the maternal gut microbial in Cluster I was enriched by the genus Prevotella (p < .0001), followed by Peptoniphilus, Anaerococcus, and Porphyromonas; Cluster II was enriched by Ruminococcus (p < .0001) and an unclassified genus from the Ruminococcaceae family (p < .001), followed by the unclassified genus Clostridiales (p < .001), an unclassified genus from the Lachnospiraceae family (p < .001), Bacteroides (p < .001), Blautia (p < .001), and Bifidobacterium (p < .001). To further investigate the association of specific microbial taxa with maternal microbiota clusters, a linear discriminant analysis of effect size (LEfSe) was performed. The prevalence of the Ruminococcus as well as unclassified Ruminococcaceae, Clostridiales, and Lachnospiraceae reliably identified Cluster II. In addition, the prevalence of Prevotella and WAL_1855D (order Clostridiales), Anaerococcus, Peptoniphilus, and the Finegoldia genus were linked to Cluster I (Figure 2c). Microbiota alpha-diversity values, measured by Shannon, Chao1 and inverse Simpson indexes, also showed significant differences according to clustering stratification (p < .05). Higher significant microbial diversity and richness were observed in maternal gut microbiota in Cluster I than those observed in Cluster II (Figure 2d–f).
Depression and anxiety in patients with active ulcerative colitis: crosstalk of gut microbiota, metabolomics and proteomics
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Xiaomin Yuan, Biqing Chen, Zhenglan Duan, Ziqian Xia, Yang Ding, Tuo Chen, Huize Liu, Baosheng Wang, Bolin Yang, Xiaoyong Wang, Shijia Liu, Jin-Yong Zhou, Yajun Liu, Qiong Wang, Zhaofeng Shen, Jun Xiao, Hongtao Shang, Weiwei Liu, Guoping Shi, Lei Zhu, Yugen Chen
To screen out the gut microbiota that were consistently associated with depression and anxiety phenotypes, both Student’s t-test and general linear regression were considered. The investigation at the taxonomy level revealed that four species, 15 genera, two families, one order, and one class showed differences in relative abundance between UCD/UCA and UCND/UCNA (Student’s t-test: p < .05; Figure 2(d)). The enrichment of Sellimonas, Lactobacillales, and Bacilli in both UCD and UCA was significant after multiple testing correction (p < 6.3 × 10–5 = 0.05/(197 × 2 × 2), considering 197 taxa, two phenotypes, and two statistical tests). In addition, compared with UCND/UCNA, Sellimonas was significantly enriched in UCD at both phases (p < .05). UCA harbored more Anaerosporobacter and Anaerococcus, while UCD harbored more Pediococcus (Bonferroni-corrected; p < .05). The regression with phenotypic scores suggested that 20 taxa were associated with depression/anxiety levels (Figure 2(e)). Bacilli and Lactobacillales were positively correlated with anxiety levels after multiple testing correction. Ten taxa were suggested to be associated with depression/anxiety based on both statistical tests, and five of them were shared by both depression and anxiety, namely, Enterococcus faecalis, Anaerosporobacter, Prevotella_9, Bacilli, and Lactobacillales. Based on either test, most of these taxa had an increased abundance in UCD/UCA; they mainly belong to Lactobacillales and Clostridiales (both belong to Firmicutes), and these associated genera were concentrated in two families, Lactobacillaceae and Lachnospiraceae. The increase in Sellimonas and decrease in Prevotella_9 were also observed in the MDD group compared to the control group (Supplementary Table S2). Lachnospira and Anaerosporobacter were associated with neither UC nor pure depression/anxiety phenotypes, indicating their unique roles in UC accompanied by depression/anxiety (Supplementary Table S2&S3). ROC analysis suggested that some bacteria, such as Prevotella_9, Dorea, and Collinsella, had fair diagnostic potentials for classifying UC-related depression/anxiety phenotypes (AUC > 70%; Supplementary Figure S2).