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Probiotics, Vitamin D, and Vitamin D Receptor in Health and Disease
Published in Marcela Albuquerque Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc, Jean Guy LeBlanc, Raquel Bedani, Lactic Acid Bacteria, 2020
Carolina Battistini, Najib Nassani, Susana MI Saad, Jun Sun
Interestingly, VDR expression is crucial for probiotic anti-inflammatory effects. In a Salmonella infection model, Lactobacillus plantarum showed physiological and histological protection only for wild-type mice, whereas no effect was observed in VDR knockout mice (Wu et al. 2015a). Similarly, our research group found that the administration of probiotic fermented milk with Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei F19 showed a promising increase in the VDR expression at the mRNA level in wild-type mice, whereas VDR knockout mice presented an exacerbated inflammation induced by DSS when compared to wild-type mice (unpublished data).
Probiotics and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Published in Martin Colin R, Derek Larkin, Probiotics in Mental Health, 2018
Sullivan et al. (2009) report a study in which they investigated 15 individuals that fulfilled the criteria set by the international researchers in the field the US Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (see Fukuda et al., 1994). The patients had high disability and fatigue severity scores. During the first two weeks of the study baseline observations without treatment were assessed, after which four weeks of probiotic product was administered, followed by a four-week follow-up period. The aim of the study was to explore Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. Paracasei F19, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFB 1748 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 on fatigue and physical activity in CFS patients. Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. is a gram-positive species of lactic acid bacteria, and is used primarily in a dairy product fermentation process and in probiotic products. Paracasei F19 is also used in the fermentation of milk product and a probiotic. Sullivan found that even though there was no discernible change in gastrointestinal microflora, patients did report neurocognitive improvements. Seemingly indicating that the administration of probiotics may have a beneficial effect on some cognitive aspects of CFS, improving subjective reports of fatigue and mood after probiotic treatment.
The clinical evidence for postbiotics as microbial therapeutics
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Alexis Mosca, Ana Teresa Abreu Y Abreu, Kok Ann Gwee, Gianluca Ianiro, Jan Tack, Thi Viet Ha Nguyen, Colin Hill
Acute diarrhea is a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries31 and rotavirus is the most common pathogen causing 29% to 45% of severe diarrhea cases.32 Acute gastroenteritis has been found to cause large-scale alterations of the intestinal microbiome.33 Enteric bacterial infections markedly reduce the intestinal microbiome richness and diversity which can last up to 14 weeks post-infection.34 Similar changes are observed with viral diarrhea.35 Microbiome alterations are more significant in children with a “failure to thrive” and these children also take longer to recover from diarrheal illness.36 Postbiotics may help to mitigate these alterations and preserve a balanced microbiome during and after diarrheal illnesses. Although live Lactobacillus has been shown to be effective against viral diarrhea,37,38 studies have also demonstrated that heat-treated Lactobacillus LB can promote faster recovery, reduce morbidity and reduce hospitalization duration.39–41 Furthermore, well-controlled studies have shown that heat-treated Lactobacillus paracasei helps prevent diarrhea by significantly reducing the number of diarrhea episodes compared with a placebo.42,43
The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between gut microbiota and diet in cardio-metabolic health
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Ana Nogal, Ana M. Valdes, Cristina Menni
A few studies have reported the capability of dairy products fermented or supplemented with beneficial bacteria to increase SCFA-producing bacteria. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis fermented milk product resulted in an increase of butyrate-producing bacteria and cecal SCFA in a mouse model, and an inflammation reduction.183 This statement was further validated in humans, where the same fermented milk product potentiated colonic SCFA production and increased two previously uncharacterized butyrate producers, namely MGS126 and MGS203.184 Another study reported that skimmed milk supplemented with Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. Paracasei caused in healthy young adults a significant increase in Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Roseburia and in the acetic acid and butyrate acid levels, compared with the control (only skimmed milk).185
The microbiome modulating activity of bile acids
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Yuan Tian, Wei Gui, Imhoi Koo, Philip B. Smith, Erik L. Allman, Robert G. Nichols, Bipin Rimal, Jingwei Cai, Qing Liu, Andrew D. Patterson
In order to investigate the bile resistant mechanism in probiotic microorganisms, we assessed the impact of bile acids on Lactobacillus paracasei and Bifidobacterium longum (Figure 4, Fig. S2, and Table S3-4). The higher dose (0.2 mM) of LCA and DCA significantly reduced the growth of Lactobacillus paracasei (Fig. S2A). However, no significant metabolic changes were observed following short-term exposure to two doses (0.02 mM and 0.2 mM) of four bile acids in Lactobacillus paracasei (Fig. S2B). Notably, significant increases in the growth of Bifidobacterium longum were observed in the beginning (around 2–7 h) of a higher dose (0.2 mM) of TCA and TUDCA exposure (Figure 4a), which is associated with a significant increase in glycolysis metabolism (Figure 4b). Taken together, these data suggest that these two bacteria might have intrinsic resistance mechanisms to cope with bile acid exposures.