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Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals from Fish and Their Activities
Published in Ramasamy Santhanam, Santhanam Ramesh, Subramanian Nivedhitha, Subbiah Balasundari, Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals from Fish and Fish Wastes, 2022
Ramasamy Santhanam, Santhanam Ramesh, Subramanian Nivedhitha, Subbiah Balasundari
Ritchie et al. (2017) reported that several bacterial strains isolated from this species showed broadest spectra of antibacterial activity. Among these strains, Bacillus sp. (803E6) exhibited significant activity against MRSA, MSSA, VRE, and B. subtilis with inhibition zone values of 7.5, 8.5, 4.5, and 10 mm, respectively; Halomonas sp. (803D5) against MRSA (>10 mm); Shewanella sp. (806B10), Alteromonas sp. (806B11) against MSSA (>10 mm), and Vibrio sp. against VRE.
Marine Natural Products and Chemistry
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Jeyapragash Danaraj, Saravanakumar Ayyappan
Bioactive compounds derived from marine Pseudomonas are pyrroles, pseudopeptides, pyrrolidinedione, quinoline, benzaldehyde, quinolone, phloroglucinol, phenanthrene, phenazine, zafrin, moiramides, bushrinm and andrimid (Isnansetyo and Kamei, 2009). Some of these compounds exhibit antimicrobial potential, including dibutyl phthalate and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, which have been reported to inhibit cathepsin B. In addition, bryostatins, sarcodictyin, discodermolide, and eleutherobin are the most effective cancer-treating drugs produced mainly from bacteria (Malakar and Ahamad, 2013; Figure 1.3). Carte (1996) reported that Lactobacilli and Noctiluca scintillans exhibited potential chemoprotective against colon cancer and melanoma cancer under in vivo conditions. Lactobacilli as a dietary component have been found to reduce the activities of azoreductase, nitroreductase and beta-glucuronidase enzyme activity in the diet of rats. Since it reduces the functions of intestinal enzymes, it could lessen the development of colon cancer (Mitall and Garg, 1995). Sagar et al. (2013) reported that the Halomonas spp. strain GWS-BW-H8hM derived from a marine source suppressed the growth of HM02 (gastric adenocarcinoma), HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) and MCF7 cell lines to induce apoptosis via cell cycle as compared to the actinomycin D. Ruiz-Ruiz et al. (2007) documented that the exopolysaccharides and sulfated polysaccharides derived from H. stenophila in the hypersaline environment exhibited the pro-apoptotic effects on leukemia cells. Two more active extracts obtained from the isolates of Sulfitobacter pontiacus (P1–17B (1E)) and Halomonas axialensis (P5–16B (5E)) reduced the HeLa and DU145 cell growth by 50–70%.
Effect of quorum sensing and quenching molecules on inter-kingdom biofilm formation by Penicillium expansum and bacteria
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Tiago Barros Afonso, Lúcia Chaves Simões, Nelson Lima
The effect of both molecules had, as expected, opposite effects. Patulin has been a known QSI. Using DNA micro-array-based transcriptomics, Rasmussen et al. (2005b) showed that patulin down-regulates QS-regulated genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by 45%, indicating that it shows specificity for QS-regulated gene expression. More recently, it has also been shown that patulin interferes with the ATP binding cassette transporter of another QS signalling molecule, the auntoinducer-2, in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Vijayababu et al. 2018). A high reduction in the biofilm forming ability and QS signalling system of Halomonas pacifica was also reported in the presence of 25 μM patulin (Liaqat et al. 2014). However, studies conducted on biofilm formation by different isolates from dental unit water lines have shown the opposite effect. Concentrations up to 25 μM of this compound promoted biofilm formation by Bacillus cereus, P. aeruginosa and Achromobacter sp. (Liaqat et al. 2008; 2010). These reports, in combination with the present results, indicate that the patulin effect on biofilm formation is species dependent.
Oral dysbiosis induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis is strain-dependent in mice
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2020
Emile Boyer, Patricia Leroyer, Ludivine Malherbe, Shao Bing Fong, Olivier Loréal, Martine Bonnaure Mallet, Vincent Meuric
In an interesting way, the oral microbiota of W83-treated mice exhibited very low levels of several unclassified sequences in the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families, both belonging to the Clostridiales order. Noteworthy, samples from TDC60-treated mice showed increased, but not significant, proportions of these taxa. Although they may be less numerous than previously thought, these not-yet-cultured bacteria still represent a substantial part of the normal gut microbiota in mice, as well as Clostridium cluster XIVa, Barnesiella, Alistipes, Turicibacter and Oscillibacter that were also depleted in W83-treated mice [42,43]. A recent study pointed out the protective role of the Clostridia class, that is outcompeted by Desulfovibrio in an experimental knocked-out mouse model of metabolic disease [44]. However, these taxa were significantly decreased in W83-treated mice. In these mice, the taxa with significantly higher proportions were Halomonas and Sphingomonas, two genera which are likely to be associated with pathological conditions. Halomonas was detected in lung tissue from mice with lung fibrosis [45], while Sphingomonas spp. are known to carry ligands for NKT cells, an important member of the innate immune defence involved in the autoimmunity process [46].
Magnesium and calcium ions: roles in bacterial cell attachment and biofilm structure maturation
Published in Biofouling, 2019
Tianyang Wang, Steve Flint, Jon Palmer
Ca2+ and Mg2+ have been reported to play a role in consolidating biofilm structures in various bacterial species. The direct evidence is that extracellular polysaccharides extracted from biofilms are found to be associated with Ca2+ and Mg2+. Analysis of the EPS composition of Halomonas spp. TG39 showed that it is intrinsically-associated with high levels of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ (Gutierrez et al. 2012). Exopolysaccharides extracted from S. mutans and Lactobacillus rhamnosus cultures showed a high binding affinity towards calcium (Astasov-Frauenhoffer et al. 2017). The binding can be mediated by cations between bound extracellular polysaccharide (polysaccharides that are bound with cells) or soluble polysaccharides (polysaccharides that are weakly bound with cells or dissolved into solutions). For example, Kierek and Watnick (2003) suggested that Ca2+ may be interacting directly with the negatively charged phosphate groups in O-antigen polysaccharide that is anchored on the outer cell membrane of V. cholerae, and is involved in the construction of salt bridges between cells or within cells.