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Lymph Node
Published in Joseph Kovi, Hung Dinh Duong, Frozen Section In Surgical Pathology: An Atlas, 2019
Joseph Kovi, M.D. Hung Dinh Duong
Hodgkin’s disease is characterized by a mixed cellular infiltrate composed of lymphocytes, eosinophils, plasma cells, histiocytes, and diagnostic Reed-Sternberg giantcells. Hodgkin’s disease, nodular sclerosis type is manifested by nodules of lymphoid tissue separated by bands of collagen. In paraffin sections atypical Reed-Sternberg cells in clear spaces (“lacunae”) are seen in the lymphoid nodules. These so-called “lacunar” Reed-Sternberg cells are not apparent in frozen sections (Figure 96).
Different Types of Leukemias, Lymphomas, and Myelomas
Published in Tariq I Mughal, John M Goldman, Sabena T Mughal, Understanding Leukemias, Lymphomas, and Myelomas, 2017
Tariq I Mughal, John M Goldman, Sabena T Mughal
This variety of HL has recently been recognized by the “Revised European/American Lymphoma” (REAL) Classification for NHL and the WHO. It represents a diffuse tumor with a rich background of lymphocytes with very few Sternberg–Reed cells. It overlaps the diffuse form of lymphocyte predominant sub-variety, the cellular phase of nodular sclerosis, and mixed cellularity. The immunological, genetic, and clinical features are similar to nodular sclerosis and mixed cellularity varieties.
Epstein–Barr Virus and Treatment of Its Infection
Published in Satya Prakash Gupta, Cancer-Causing Viruses and Their Inhibitors, 2014
Tarun Jha, Amit Kumar Halder, Nilanjan Adhikari
HL (previously known as Hodgkin’s disease) is characterized by the presence of clonal, multinucleated Reed–Sternberg malignant cells that are derived from B cells. Five types of HL are known so far: (a) mixed-cellularity, (b) nodular-sclerosis, (c) lymphocyte-rich, (d) lymphocyte-depleted, and (e) lymphocyte predominant. The first four types are known as classical HL (cHL). All cHLs are related to EBV infection. The relation between HL and EBV is mainly justified by the fact that monoclonal EBV episomes are found in the Reed–Sternberg cells. In addition to this, people having a past history of IM have a fourfold higher risk of developing HL. Moreover, the antibody titers against EBV capsid antigen are also increased several fold during HL. EBV infection is associated with some 45% of mixed-cellularity cHL cases. EBV-positive cHL is more common in males and shows bimodal age distribution (<10 years and >50 years). EBV negative cHL is more common in adolescents, and it does not show any gender predisposition.
Immune checkpoint inhibition in classical hodgkin lymphoma
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2021
Parmida Sadat Pezeshki, Mahsa Eskian, Michael R Hamblin, Nima Rezaei
One of the most important clinical trials to demonstrate the efficacy and acceptable safety profile of nivolumab in heavily pre-treated cHL patients, was a phase I clinical trial (NCT01592370). 23 patients were enrolled, of which 87% had received three or more treatment regimens, 78% relapsed after ASCT, 78% relapsed after BV therapy, and 83% of them had received radiotherapy. The patients received nivolumab (3 mg/kg, q2wk) for a maximum of 2 years. Nivolumab was both safe and tolerable in these patients, despite the prolonged duration of the therapy. The overall response rate (ORR) and complete remission rate (CRR) were 87% and 17%, respectively. No grade 4 or 5 AEs were observed. The most prevalent AEs were all at grade 1 or 2 [34]. 22 out of 23 patients in this study were diagnosed with the nodular sclerosis subtype of cHL. However, another phase II study demonstrated the efficacy of nivolumab (3 mg/kg, q2wk) in other subtypes of cHL, as well as in the nodular sclerosis subtype [40].
Diabetic retinopathy may predict the renal outcomes of patients with diabetic nephropathy
Published in Renal Failure, 2018
Junlin Zhang, Yiting Wang, Li Li, Rui Zhang, Ruikun Guo, Hanyu Li, Qianqian Han, Geer Teng, Fang Liu
Renal pathology patterns related with DR in T2DM was described in the 1990s by Schwartz et al. [26] and Olsen et al. [27]. They pinpointed that the correlation between DR and the Kimmelstiel–Wilson (KW) lesion but not the mesangial sclerosis (MS) lesion suggested that the KW and MS lesions were most likely caused by different pathogenic mechanisms. Findings presented in this investigation showed that DR was associated with the glomerular class IIb + III (severe mesangial expansion and nodular sclerosis) but not the class IV (global glomerulosclerosis), which was largely in accordance with the previous study. The difference might result from the different pathologic classification. KW lesions are often found in combination with mesangial expansion. The occurrence of KW lesions is widely considered transitional from an early or moderately advanced stage to a progressively more advanced stage of disease [28,29]. And the glomerulosclerosis in DN was regarded as the end point of multifactorial mechanisms which through stages of mesangial expansion and development of KW lesions finally results in glomerulosclerosis [30]. Whether the nodular sclerosis and global glomerulosclerosis were induced by different mechanisms awaits further investigation.
Syncytial variant of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma in children: A prognostic factor?
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2018
Noa Granot, Ayelet Ben-Barak, Yael Fisher, Hana Golan, Myriam Weyl Ben-Arush
A syncytial variant (SV) of nodular sclerosis (NS) Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) was first reported by Strickler et al. in 1986,1 simulating metastatic neoplasms with a poorer prognosis.2 SV represents 5–16% of all cases of NS based on data from small studies in adults diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma.1,3 The diagnosis is based on the presence of sheets of cohesive Hodgkin Reed-Stenberg (HRS) cells, called the syncytial growth pattern, and immunological confirmation made by a panel of HL-immune histochemical markers.1 Ben-Yehuda et al. 3 described the clinical features of adult patients with the syncytial variant of HL as a new entity. Most of the patients had advanced disease with B symptoms and a huge mediastinal mass. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report of the syncytial variant of nodular sclerosis HL in children.