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Linezolid
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Linezolid activity has been tested against lactic acid bacteria, including Weissella confusa (Lee et al., 2011), Lactobacillus spp., Pediococcus spp., and Lactococcus spp. obtained from humans, but also from cultures that are intended for nutritional or probiotic use (Klare et al., 2007). Pediococcus spp. (MIC range 0.5–1 mg/l; MIC90 1–2 mg/l), many Lactobacillus spp. (MIC range 0.5–2 mg/l; MIC90 1–2 mg/l), and Lactococcus lactis (MIC range 0.5–1 mg/l [eight isolates only]) all have relatively low MICs. Lactobacillus acidophilus (MIC range 0.5–4 mg/l; MIC90 4 mg/l) had slightly higher MICs than other Lactobacillus spp. (Klare et al., 2007). In a study by Goldstein et al. (2005), Lactobacillus spp. were found to have higher MICs (MIC90 8 mg/l; MIC range 1–8 mg/l). Linezolid has variable activity against Leuconostoc spp. (MIC range 1–8 mg/l) (Rolston et al., 2013).
An oxidation resistant pediocin PA-1 derivative and penocin A display effective anti-Listeria activity in a model human gut environment
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Taís M. Kuniyoshi, Paula M. O’Connor, Elaine Lawton, Dinesh Thapa, Beatriz Mesa-Pereira, Sara Abulu, Colin Hill, R. Paul Ross, Ricardo P. S. Oliveira, Paul D. Cotter
Chemical synthesis of penocin A, another bacteriocin that harbors a YGNGVX1CX2K/NX3X4C, (X1–4:polar uncharged or charged residues) pediocin box in its sequence was carried out in tandem to compare its antimicrobial efficacy against L. monocytogenes and the commensal gut microbiota. Penocin A is considered a silent bacteriocin as its mature form is not produced naturally due to the absence of a key gene(s) in the associated natural strains. Diep et al.23 revealed that heterologous expression of the pediocin inducer factor led to penocin A expression in Pediococcus pentosaceus 25745 and its inhibition rate against 71 strains from a collection of 8 Gram positive bacteria genera (Carnobacterium, Clostridioides, Enterococci, Lactobacilli, Lactococci, Leuconostoc, Listeriae, Pediococci) was lower (48%) than that presented by pediocin PA-1 (58%). This reduced antimicrobial activity against some important bacterial groups (e.g Lactobacilli, Lactococci, Leuconostoc) may be a desirable feature when used as a therapeutic agent. Here the anti-Listeria effects of pure forms of recombinant pediocin M31L, natural pediocin PA-1 and synthetic penocin A were each evaluated in an ex vivo model that simulates the human gut environment for the first time. This study verifies the efficiency of the pediocin variants against L. monocytogenes and highlights the merits of progressing to in vivo experiments.
The clinical evidence for postbiotics as microbial therapeutics
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Alexis Mosca, Ana Teresa Abreu Y Abreu, Kok Ann Gwee, Gianluca Ianiro, Jan Tack, Thi Viet Ha Nguyen, Colin Hill
Similarly, studies have evaluated the possibility of preventing respiratory tract infections in children. Lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74 was found to reduce the number of cases of pharyngitis, laryngitis and tracheitis in two well-controlled trials including children aged 12–48 months.42,43 Furthermore, Pediococcus acidilactici K15 was found to support anti-infectious immune systems in children who ate less fermented foods and maintained salivary secretory IgA levels in all subjects in a randomized-controlled study focusing on respiratory tract infection prevention in pre-school children. The four-month study also found that in children eating little fermented food, K15 significantly reduced fever duration compared with the placebo.67
Biological detoxification of ochratoxin A in plants and plant products
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2019
Mahmoud Sheikh-Zeinoddin, Mohammadreza Khalesi
Del Prete et al. (2007) showed the removal of OTA by using Oenococcus oeni without observation of any residue at the end of the process, suggesting that the cell wall of LAB may adsorb the toxin. The same result has been reported for Pediococcus parvulus (Abrunhosa et al. 2014).