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Probiotics as HRV Vaccine Adjuvants in Gn Pigs
Published in Lijuan Yuan, Vaccine Efficacy Evaluation, 2022
These data clearly demonstrated that low dose LA promoted IFN-γ producing T cell and down-regulated Treg cell responses, whereas high dose LA induced a strong Treg cell response and promoted the regulatory cytokine production by tissue-residing Treg cells post-challenge in Gn pigs. Studies of other lactobacilli strains have reported similar findings. A mixture of L. plantarum CEC 7315 and CEC 7316 at high dose (5×109CFU/day) resulted in significant increases in the percentages of activated potential T-suppressor and NK cells, while at a low dose (5×108CFU/day) increased activated T-helper cells, B cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in institutionalized seniors (Mane et al., 2011). High concentration (≥1×106colony-forming unit [CFU]/ml) of a combination containing LA and Bifidobacterium or B. infantis attenuated mitogen-induced immune responses by inhibiting cell proliferation and arresting the cell cycle at the G0/G1 stage in both mitogen-stimulated spleen cells and peripheral blood MNC. However, low concentration (≤1×106CFU/ml) promoted a shift in the Th1/Th2 balance toward Th1-skewed immunity by enhancing IFN-γ and inhibiting the IL-4 response (Li et al., 2011). The differences between the “low dose” and “high dose” LAB in these studies are small, yet the immunomodulatory effects are qualitatively different.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)
Published in Manit Arya, Taimur T. Shah, Jas S. Kalsi, Herman S. Fernando, Iqbal S. Shergill, Asif Muneer, Hashim U. Ahmed, MCQs for the FRCS(Urol) and Postgraduate Urology Examinations, 2020
Nish Bedi, Ali Omar, Jas S. Kalsi
The daily use of the oral agents with strains GR-1 and RC-14 may restore the vaginal lactobacilli. These lactobacilli compete with urogenital pathogens and prevent bacterial vaginosis, a condition that increases the risk of UTIs.
Impact of Probiotics on Animal Health
Published in Marcela Albuquerque Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc, Jean Guy LeBlanc, Raquel Bedani, Lactic Acid Bacteria, 2020
Sabrina da Silva Sabo, Elías Figueroa Villalobos, Anna Carolina Meireles Piazentin, André Moreni Lopes, Ricardo Pinheiro de Souza Oliveira
LAB have been also used as a dietary supplement to protect fish from various infectious diseases (Merrifield et al. 2010b, Nayak 2010a,b, Dimitroglou et al. 2011). In particular, the dietary administration of Lactobacillus spp. increased the growth rate, innate immune response, and resistance to certain diseases in Epinephelus coioides (Son et al. 2009), Epinephelus bruneus (Harikrishnan et al. 2012), and Nile tilapia (Ngamkala et al. 2010).
The role of microbiota in the management of genitourinary syndrome of menopause
Published in Climacteric, 2023
G. Stabile, G. A. Topouzova, F. De Seta
Although a Lactobacillus-dominated microbiome is often thought to be optimal, the role of Lactobacilli is unclear. Not all types of Lactobacilli are beneficial, and it is unknown whether Lactobacilli promote vaginal health or whether they are a marker for vaginal health [47,48]. Different articles have demonstrated that in postmenopause the microbiota is physiologically replaced by opportunistic flora with the development of unpleasant symptoms and this discovery resolves doctors from administration of irrational courses of antibiotic therapy [49]. Nowadays, it is well known that in premenopausal women the vaginal environment is dominated by Lactobacilli. They are the most numerous microorganisms, at 107–108 CFU/g of vaginal fluid in healthy premenopausal women. Among the Lactobacilli spp. found in the vaginal microbiota, L. iners, L. crispatus, L. gasseri and L. jensenii, followed by L. acidophilus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus vaginalis, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, are the most frequently isolated from healthy women. They metabolize glycogen, and produce substantial amounts of bacteriocins, biosurfactants and lactic acid which acidifies vaginal milieu.
Lactic acid bacteria: prominent player in the fight against human pathogens
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Ujjayni B. Saha, Sunil D. Saroj
The widespread use of lactobacilli for therapeutic purposes, even for difficult-to-treat conditions, has shown unfavourable effects, including sepsis, endocarditis, bacteremia, and even fatality. A fatal Lactobacillus rhamnosus endocarditis case involving a young patient with severe cirrhosis and prior C. difficile colitis has brought attention to the potential for Lactobacillus rhamnosus side effects. This emphasises the importance of improving probiotic safety standards for immunocompromised persons before utilising probiotics or other dietary supplements containing live or lyophilized organisms [144] (Table 5). Two cases of Lactobacillus GG sepsis occurred when this bacterium was being used to treat the short gut syndrome [145] (Table 5).
Bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomonal vaginitis in reproductive-age women in Yunnan, China: a descriptive study
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Ting Zhao, Xiao Xiao, Li Xiao, Xiao-Mei Wu, Tao Yuan
The ecosystem of the vagina is a complex micro-ecological system composed of the vaginal flora and is involved in the endocrine regulatory function of the body (Donders et al. 2002; Li et al. 2012). Lactobacilli play a key role in maintaining the normal vaginal flora. The presence of large amounts of lactobacilli will consume a considerable amount of glycogen, thereby reducing the nutrition level of other microorganisms, inhibiting their growth, and preventing the invasion of foreign pathogens (Forsum et al. 2005). Reproductive tract infections (ReTIs) are caused by various infectious and non-infectious factors and are among the most common diseases in women worldwide, particularly in developing countries (WHO 2005). Common symptoms of vaginitis include vaginal discharge, vulvar itching, and irritation. Vaginitis can be divided into more than 10 types according to its cause and pathogen; however, more than 90% of vaginitis is caused by bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), trichomonal vaginitis (TV), and aerobic vaginitis (Aiping et al. 2013).