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Africa
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Neuronal Regulation of the Immune System in Cardiovascular Diseases
Published in Shyam S. Bansal, Immune Cells, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2022
Daniela Carnevale, Giuseppe Lembo, Marialuisa Perrotta, Lorenzo Carnevale
In the past century, communicable diseases have significantly reduced their impact in terms of mortality and disability, while noncommunicable diseases have dramatically raised their burden. Cardiovascular diseases dominate the scenario of overall noncommunicable diseases, prevailing for mortality and morbidity worldwide (Leong et al., 2017). Although a wide array of drugs helping to counteract the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases are available, the global burden of cardiovascular diseases is still elevated, with a consequent high impact on worldwide healthcare systems (Tzoulaki, Elliott, Kontis, & Ezzati, 2016).
Policy Development on Ageing in Malaysia
Published in Goh Cheng Soon, Gerard Bodeker, Kishan Kariippanon, Healthy Ageing in Asia, 2022
Tengku Aizan Hamid, Wan Alia Wan Sulaiman, Mohamad Fazdillah Bagat, Sen Tyng Chai
Each successive cohort of older Malaysians are living longer, healthier and wealthier as a successful delay in the onset of diseases added not just years but also life to years. More is needed to encourage the population to adopt a healthy lifestyle for the prevention of non-communicable diseases. Malaysia has not really developed a comprehensive long-term care system, and public financing models are still inadequate. It has to be pointed out that a strong, centralized and Federal-driven response might not be the best way forward as different States and districts are ageing at different rates. As the last mile public service provider would be the local government, we need to think about reforms that can empower communities and municipalities to act in tandem. Federal allocations for growth and development must be more equitable as the richer States will have more resources that can be utilized to address their citizens’ needs. A high percentage of older persons want to age in place, but there are very few local services available outside of major cities and towns. There is a dire need to address the missing gap in aged care products and services to ensure the well-being of all older Malaysians. There must be closer collaboration between the actors in the government, business and civil society organizations. Explaining policy choices and their consequences can help the public understand why some hard decisions must be made.
Cambodia
Published in Ebby Elahi, World Compendium of Healthcare Facilities and Nonprofit Organizations, 2021
Economic growth has yielded overall improvements in the health status of the population. Life expectancy has increased to 70 years of age, and maternal mortality has decreased. However, there remains room for improvement. The most common causes of death include stroke, lower respiratory infections, cirrhosis, tuberculosis, neonatal disorders, diabetes, COPD, lung cancer, road injuries, and HIV/AIDS. Risk factors such as malnutrition, air pollution, alcohol and tobacco use, high blood sugar, and diet contribute to the heavy burden of non-communicable disease.
Alcohol and tobacco: use and co-use in the North-Eastern Region of India, 2015-16
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2023
According to WHO, each year, three million deaths occur worldwide as a result of harmful alcohol use, which accounts for 5.3% of all deaths, and is responsible for 5% of the disability-adjusted life years lost each year (World Health Organization [WHO], 2018a). Likewise, tobacco use (smoking or smokeless) leads to 8 million deaths worldwide (WHO, 2020) and 44% of all non-communicable disease deaths annually. Various chronic diseases, including cancer, lung, and cardiovascular diseases, are significant risk factors, with many deaths occurring prematurely (World No Tobacco Day: Tobacco and Heart Disease, 2018b). According to a non-communicable disease report, many of these diseases can be avoided by cutting down on tobacco and alcohol use, maintaining a healthy diet, and exercising regularly (WHO, 2014).
The triple burden of disease, destitution, and debt: Small business-women’s voices about health challenges after becoming debt-ridden
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2023
Sara Rizvi Jafree, Mudasir Mustafa
Women from all MFP types reported at least seven or more types of health problems and thus differences in health challenges faced by women according to MFP type have not been reported separately. Health challenges have been reported using the theoretical framework of this study, which categorizes problems according to “environment” and “healthcare delivery system.” “Environmental” health challenges are further sub-divided under “social,” “physical and mental,” and “economic” challenges. For the “social” sub-category, we found that women faced the following health challenges: (i) unsupportive loan officers, (ii) communicable diseases, and (iii) lack of permission to seek healthcare. Under the “physical and mental” sub-category we found that women face health challenges related to: (i) stress and anxiety, (ii) injuries, and (iii) non-communicable diseases. Under the “economic” sub-category we found two health challenges: (i) poverty and (ii) small loans and high installments rates.
Are the physical activity habits of Turkish physiotherapists associated with their physical activity promotion and counseling?
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Hulya Tuna, Ozgur Bozan, Nuray Elibol, Bayram Unver
As the leading cause of death globally, non-communicable diseases (i.e. diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and chronic lung diseases) were responsible for 38 million (68%) of the world’s 56 million deaths in 2012 (World Health Organization, 2014). The Turkish Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors Frequency Study reported that 7 of the 10 diseases causing the most deaths are chronic diseases such as cancer, chronic heart failure, renal failure, and obstructive pulmonary disease (Ugrak, Uzuntarla, Cihangiroglu, and Akyuz, 2016). Regular physical activity (PA), one of the most cost-effective facets in the framework of public health, has been shown to play a major role in the primary and secondary prevention of various chronic diseases (Body et al., 2011; Haby, Doherty, Welch, and Mason, 2012; Kushi et al., 2012; Minges, Cormick, Unglik, and Dunstan, 2011; Warburton, Nicol, and Bredin, 2006). According to the results of the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health National Household Survey (2003) 20% of the population in Turkey had a sedentary lifestyle, 16% had insufficient PA, and an estimated 31,519 deaths due to ischemic heart disease could be prevented if levels of PA were adequate. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, American College of Sport Medicine, and American Heart Association recommend that healthy adults do moderate-intensity exercise for at least 30 minutes 5 days a week or vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise for at least 20 minutes 3 days a week for general health (Haskell et al., 2007).