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Effect of Nutraceuticals on Gut Microbiota—What Is the Deal in Cancer?
Published in Sheeba Varghese Gupta, Yashwant V. Pathak, Advances in Nutraceutical Applications in Cancer, 2019
Andréa Burgess, Asra Sami, Sheeba Varghese Gupta
During gut dysbiosis, the number of Proeobacteria, Lentisphaerae, Bacteroides, and Parabacteroides species in the gut decrease (Rea et al., 2018). This reduction impacts the gut’s ability to directly metabolize chemotherapeutic medication and produce secondary toxic metabolites (Pouncey et al., 2018). Garcia-Gonzalez and colleagues used a Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) worm model to investigate how the administration of different bacterial strains would influence chemotherapeutic medication potency. The worms fed with E. coli were “two orders of magnitude more sensitive to the sterilizing effect” of 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (FUDR) in comparison to worms fed with Comamonas bacteria. It was determined that the RNA metabolism capabilities of inoculated bacteria was essential for the observed enhanced cytotoxic effects (Garcia-Gonzalez et al., 2017).
Bacteroides
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Classification. Taxonomically, the genus Bacteroides belongs to the phylum Bacteroidetes, class Bacteroidia, order Bacteroidales, family Bacteroidaceae. In the ninth edition of Bergey's manual, the family Bacteroidaceae contains three genera, Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Prevotella. In turn, the genus Bacteroides is separated into 42 species, which include species that were formally described as the Bacteroides fragilis group, with more than 15 new genera. Species considered of clinical importance are B. fragilis, B. ovatus, B. vulgatus, B. caccae, B. eggerthii, B. merdae, B. stercoris, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. uniformis, and B. distasonis. Three bile-resistant species from the B. fragilis group were reclassified by Sakamoto and Benno (2006) into the genus Parabacteroides (P. distasonis, P. merdae, and P. goldsteinii).
Linezolid
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
In a recent Belgian study of 403 clinical anaerobic isolates using Etest susceptibility testing, linezolid was found to have activity against a range of anaerobic bacteria (Bacteroides/Parabacteroides spp., n = 180, MIC90 4 mg/l; Fusobacterium spp., n = 21, MIC90 1 mg/l; Prevotella spp. and other anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli, n = 52, MIC90 2 mg/l; Clostridium spp., n = 38, MIC90 4 mg/l; nonspore-forming Gram-positive bacilli, n = 40, MIC90 1 mg/l; anaerobic cocci, n = 72, MIC90 1 mg/l). Overall, 97% of the anaerobic bacteria tested had a linezolid MIC ≤ 4 mg/l (Wybo et al., 2014). In this study by Wybo et al. (2014) of anaerobic species, strains with an MIC > 4 mg/l were found in the following: Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium spp., Prevotella spp., Clostridium spp., and nonspore-forming Gram-positive bacilli. Of note, the only genus with a rise in linezolid MIC from the authors’ previous study (Wybo et al., 2007) was Fusobacterium (MIC90 from 0.25–1).
Classification of Parabacteroides distasonis and other Bacteroidetes using O- antigen virulence gene: RfbA-Typing and hypothesis for pathogenic vs. probiotic strain differentiation
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Nicholas C. Bank, Vaidhvi Singh, Alex Rodriguez-Palacios
Parabacteroides distasonis has emerged in recent years for its contradictory dual potential for pathogenicity and probiotic ability, although our current knowledge of the potential for this bacterium to modulate health or cause disease is suboptimal and incomplete. Of the 14 studies cited, only 7 detailed the specific Pdis strain examined;5,7,9–12,15,17 the strain being either ATCC 85035,7,9–12,15,17 or a strain not cataloged in NCBI.12,15 Data available in the literature and NCBI on the presently examined 14 strains of Pdis indicate that 5 strains are presumed pathogenic, 1 probiotic, whereas 7 were neither presumed to be probiotic or pathogenic. Out of the presumed five pathogenic strains, two were isolated from gut wall cavitating micro-lesions in two patients with severe surgical Crohn’s disease, one was associated with enhancing colitis in mice, and two were human clinical isolates. Of potential relevance to disease, rfbA-Type I was a common genotype to all the pathogenic strains of Pdis, irrespective of the number of rfbA gene copies in the genome (Table 2).
Gut microbes participate in food preference alterations during obesity
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Alice de Wouters d’Oplinter, Marialetizia Rastelli, Matthias Van Hul, Nathalie M. Delzenne, Patrice D. Cani, Amandine Everard
As a preliminary approach to highlight a potential link between the gut microbiota and the food reward system in the context of obesity, we used Spearman’s correlations to establish associations between several parameters of the food reward system and the gut microbiota. Data from donor and recipient mice were combined to create the correlation matrix. The heatmap showed that 18 OTUs correlated with the total HFHS intake measured during the food preference test (Figure 5a). In addition, positive correlations were found between the unidentified genus of the Peptococcaceae family and the mRNA expression of D1R, D2R, and TH (Figure 5a). However, after correcting for multiple comparisons using the FDR (false discovery rate) method, only Parabacteroides remained highly positively correlated with the HFHS intake (Figure 5b). This suggested that the more Parabacteroides the mice had, the more HFHS they ate during the food preference test. Based on this, Parabacteroides could represent a potential link between the gut microbiota and hedonic food behavior.
Metagenomics reveals impact of geography and acute diarrheal disease on the Central Indian human gut microbiome
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Tanya M. Monaghan, Tim J. Sloan, Stephen R. Stockdale, Adam M. Blanchard, Richard D. Emes, Mark Wilcox, Rima Biswas, Rupam Nashine, Sonali Manke, Jinal Gandhi, Pratishtha Jain, Shrejal Bhotmange, Shrikant Ambalkar, Ashish Satav, Lorraine A. Draper, Colin Hill, Rajpal Singh Kashyap
Analysis of taxon-level shift contribution profiles in the Nagpurian population suggested that distinct bacteria such as Bacteroides spp., Parabacteorides distasonis, Klebsiella pneumonia, and E. coli may potentially possess xenobiotic, lipid, and amino acid metabolizing capabilities. In support of these observations, Parabacteroides distasonis has recently been shown to transform bile acids which have lipid-digestive and absorptive functions, and enhances the level of succinate in the gut. Bacteroides spp. are also dominant in amino acid metabolism in the large intestine.35 In addition, different species of Klebsiella appear to have substantial potential for the biodegradation of diverse pollutants, such as halogenated aromatic and nitroaromatic compounds.36 This result is in line with previous evidence, which suggests that individuals belonging to different geographies have microbiota with distinct xenobiotic metabolizing capacities.37 Our analysis of taxa associated shifts in metabolic function could also reflect diet and/or the higher exposure of these urban habitants to industrial/agricultural chemicals such as pesticides, fertilizers, antibiotics, and other pharmaceuticals.