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Marine Fungi-Derived Secondary Metabolites: Potential as Future Drugs for Health Care
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Syed Shams Ul Hassan, Hui-Zi Jin, Abdur Rauf, Saud Bawazeer, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
One pyrazin-2(1H)-one derivate (ochramide B (image 75 in Figure 8.5) and one ochralate (image 76 in Figure 8.5) were isolated from marine fungus Aspergillus ochraceus that was obtained from gorgonian coral Dichotella gemmacea in South sea of China. Both of these compounds exhibited antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter aerogenes with an MIC value of 40.0 μM and 18.9 μM, respectively [47].
Aquatic Plants Native to America
Published in Namrita Lall, Aquatic Plants, 2020
Bianca D. Fibrich, Jacqueline Maphutha, Carel B. Oosthuizen, Danielle Twilley, Khan-Van Ho, Chung-Ho Lin, Leszek P. Vincent, T. N. Shilpa, N. P. Deepika, B. Duraiswamy, S. P. Dhanabal, Suresh M. Kumar, Namrita Lall
Nayak et al. (2015) investigated the antibacterial activity of methanolic, ethanolic, and chloroform extracts of A. caroliniana against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria isolated from in-house patients of intensive care units. The isolated bacteria included Enterococcus sp., S. aureus, Citrobacter sp., Enterobacter aerogenes, E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, and P. aeruginosa. The methanolic extract showed the most potent antibacterial activity with an MIC of 9.63 mg/ml against Citrobacter sp., 4.27 mg/ml against Enterococcus sp., E. aerogenes, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, and 1.89 mg/ml against S. aureus and P. mirabilis. The best bactericidal activity was observed for the methanolic extract, with a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 4.27 mg/ml against S. aureus and P. mirabilis, and 21.67 mg/ml for the other pathogens (Nayak et al. 2015).
Steroidal Alkaloids
Published in Amritpal Singh Saroya, Contemporary Phytomedicines, 2017
Solanine (from unripe fruits), solasodine (from flowers), and beta-solamarine (from roots) of Solanum dulcamara Linn. inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. However, no significant activity was observed against Enterobacter aerogenes (Kumar et al. 2009).
Emergence of colistin resistance in Enterobacter aerogenes from Croatia
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2018
Branka Bedenić, Mirna Vranić-Ladavac, Carolina Venditti, Arjana Tambić-Andrašević, Nada Barišić, Marija Gužvinec, Natalie Karčić, Nicola Petrosillo, Ranko Ladavac, Antonino di Caro
Colistin [also known as polymyxin E] is a multi-component polypeptide antibiotic discovered in the 1950s.1 It interacts with lipopolysaccharides and phospholypides present at the surface of the outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane to disturb membrane permeability. Currently colistin represents the last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections. Owing to its significant high activity against Gram-negative bacteria including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae [CRE] and extended-spectrum ß-lactamases [ESBLs] positive Enterobacteriaceae, colistin is now being administered as a salvage therapy in patients in whom none of other antibiotics are active.1 The emergence of polymyxin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae has been repeatedly reported and is a matter of major concern. Enterobacter aerogenes is a common causative agent of hospital-acquired infections with significant adaptive capability. Its ability to easily acquire resistance to β-lactam antibiotics during therapy is well-known.2 Less frequent are the cases of acquired resistance to colistin.3
Antibiotic resistant profile of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2020
Amir Emami, Fatemeh Javanmardi, Neda Pirbonyeh
In total, E. coli, Klebsiella sp, P. aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Protuus sp., Enterobacter aerogenes agents were the most commonly evaluated pathogens in UTI, respectively. Although different antibiotics were used for mentioned bacteria in included studies, but according to the CLSI guideline, only following antibiotics suggested for the treatment of UTI: Cefazolin, Fosfomycin, Nitrofurantoin, Sulfisoxazole, and Trimethoprim for Enterobacteriaceae, Nitrofurantoin, Sulfisoxazole, and Trimethoprim for Staphylococcus, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Fosfomycin, Nitrofurantoin, and Tetracycline for Enterococcus spp.
Giant intradural extramedullary spinal ependymoma, a rare arachnoiditis-mimicking condition: case report and literature review
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
Nicolò Marchesini, Christian Soda, Umberto Maria Ricci, Giampietro Pinna, Franco Alessandrini, Claudio Ghimenton, Riccardo Bernasconi, Gaetano Paolino, Marco Teli
In 2015, a 23-year-old male patient presented to our Department complaining of progressive paraparesis, lower limb numbness and urinary hesitancy for 1 week. His past medical history was unremarkable. Neurological examination revealed lower limb weakness (4/5 MRC) and a sensory level below the umbilical line. Pyramidal signs were present and he could not walk independently. Anal tone was lower than normal. All blood tests were within the normal ranges. A spinal MRI showed a peri-medullary, posterior multi-cystic dilatation extended between T1 and T12. Post-contrast sequences showed peri-medullary leptomeningeal enhancement and an initial diagnosis of spinal arachnoiditis was formulated (Figure 1). A brain MRI was negative. 2 weeks after the symptoms had begun, the patient underwent a T2-T12 laminotomy and longitudinal durotomy. The spinal cord appeared circumferentially wrapped by a greyish and irregular tissue. On manipulation, it appeared soft and a clear cleavage plan was seen throughout almost the whole extension of the affected the spinal cord. Most of the material was removed but some parts were left in place due to their anterior, inaccessible location (Figure 2). Resection was judged incomplete. Histology was in keeping with ependymoma WHO grade II (Figure 3). The patient was discharged 14 days after surgery. A few days later a wound infection occurred and an MRI revealed a fluid collection between T3 and T10. The patient underwent a successful revision surgery with subsequent eradication of the infection (Enterobacter aerogenes was isolated and Meropenem was administered). After intensive rehabilitation, he completely recovered his motor function, but a mild urinary urgency persisted. At the six months follow-up MRI a residue was seen at T2-T3 in association with post-operative arachnoid webs (Figure 4(A)). At the 2.5 years follow up MRI the residue at the level of T2-T3 was stable (Figure 4(B)) but the laminae were almost completely reabsorbed and kyphosis had increased compared to preoperatively (Figure 4(C–D)). The patient currently conducts a nearly normal life but complains of mild urinary urgency.