Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Musculoskeletal and Soft-Tissue Emergencies
Published in Anthony FT Brown, Michael D Cadogan, Emergency Medicine, 2020
Anthony FT Brown, Michael D Cadogan
There are many causes, including: Rheumatoid arthritis.SLE.Psoriatic arthritis.Ankylosing spondylitis.Reiter syndrome.Viral illness, e.g. hepatitis B, rubella, alphavirus such as Ross River, parvovirus B19, and HIV.Sarcoid.Ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, gonococcus (early bacteraemic phase), Behçet's disease, and Henoch–Schonlein purpura.Gout and pseudogout.Rheumatic fever, or bacterial endocarditis.Osteoarthritis, haemochromatosis, acromegaly (all non-inflammatory).
Knowledge Area 12: Sexual and Reproductive Health
Published in Rekha Wuntakal, Ziena Abdullah, Tony Hollingworth, Get Through MRCOG Part 1, 2020
Rekha Wuntakal, Ziena Abdullah, Tony Hollingworth
C. trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen and cannot grow outside a living cell. Chlamydia infection is a sexually transmitted infection. Certain strains of C. trachomatis (serovars A, B, Ba, C) are associated with trachoma, which is a major cause of blindness worldwide. Serovars L1, L2 and L3 are associated with lymphogranuloma venereum. Serovars D to K cause non-specific urethritis and epididymitis in men and perihepatitis, cervicitis, urethritis, endometritis and salpingitis (infection of upper genital tract – leading to PID) in women. It can cause Reiter syndrome in both men and women (conjunctivitis, proctitis, urethritis and reactive seronegative arthritis). Its long-term sequelae include chronic pelvic pain, infertility and ectopic pregnancy. It is associated with increased rates of transmission of HIV infection. It can be transmitted to the neonate during its passage through the birth canal and may cause conjunctivitis and pneumonia.
Epidemiology of Uveitis in a tertiary care centre in Portugal
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2021
Lukasz Hermann, Fernando Falcão-Reis, Luís Figueira
The most important cause of uveitis identified in our study was axial spondyloarthritis, in order of frequency: ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, Reiter syndrome, IBD-associated spondylitis among other less common causes, both HLA-B27 positive and negative (12.1%) which was confirmed or surpassed by some previous studies.2,4,5,10,11 The most frequent anatomic type associated with spondylarthritis in our study was AU, which is within the range of other studies, although it is on the lower end of the spectrum (13% to 58,3%).11,17 AU is characterized by a genetic predisposition expressed by positive HLA-B27 in more than 50% of cases, more frequently in Western countries, a feature it shares with spondylarthritis.17 It is, therefore, imperative to refer these patients to specialized rheumatologic and ophthalmologic consultation as well as testing for HLA B27 when presenting with AU.13
Systemic medications used in treatment of common dermatological conditions: safety profile with respect to pregnancy, breast feeding and content in seminal fluid
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2019
Sarah Madeline Brown, Khadija Aljefri, Rachel Waas, Philip Hampton
There is little in the literature regarding teratogenicity following paternal methotrexate exposure (35). There is one case report of a man with Reiters syndrome who was treated with methotrexate for 5 months prior to conception and fathered a normal child (31). Methotrexate can cause chromosomal abnormalities and point mutations. In animal studies, it has previously been found to result in degeneration of spermatocytes, Leydig cells and Sertoli cells in the testes of rats (36). In humans, reversible oligospermia has been reported (31). A case of a patient with severe psoriasis treated with methotrexate showed a low-sperm count of 0.8–3.1 million/mL at 16–20 days following discontinuation. Following 4 months without treatment his sperm count rose to 44–51 million/mL. His sperm count dropped again on restarting methotrexate treatment (35). It is recommended that methotrexate should be discontinued in men for at least 3 months and up to 6 months prior to conception (10).
Recognizing skin conditions in patients with cirrhosis: a narrative review
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Ying Liu, Yunyu Zhao, Xu Gao, Jiashu Liu, Fanpu Ji, Yao-Chun Hsu, Zhengxiao Li, Mindie H. Nguyen
Terry’s nails (Figure 2(a–c)) are characterized by the presence of a white nail bed, a distal brown to pink transverse band of 0.5–2.0 mm in width, and the absence of lunulae [29–31]. First reported by Terry in 1954, this condition is a cardinal sign of hepatic cirrhosis [29,32]. However, Holzberg and Walker found a strong correlation between Terry’s nails and congestive heart failure as well as adult-onset diabetes mellitus in addition to cirrhosis in their study of 512 hospitalized patients [33]. Hyperthyroidism, malnutrition, renal failure and Reiter syndrome have also been associated with Terry’s nails [15,34]. In addition, Terry’s nails are associated with ageing in populations without known systemic diseases [33].