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Bone Regeneration Effect of Cassia occidentalis Linn. Extract and Its Isolated Compounds
Published in Brijesh Kumar, Vikas Bajpai, Vikaskumar Gond, Subhashis Pal, Naibedya Chattopadhyay, Phytochemistry of Plants of Genus Cassia, 2021
Brijesh Kumar, Vikas Bajpai, Vikaskumar Gond, Subhashis Pal, Naibedya Chattopadhyay
Although sharing the same symptoms of RA, osteoarthritis (OA), the major form of arthritis is caused due to very different conditions. The pathophysiology of OA includes the destruction of articular cartilage, structural changes in the underlying subchondral bone, and chronic inflammation of the synovium (Ashkavand et al., 2013). Since joint destruction also causes local inflammation, high doses of long-acting intra-articular GC injections are widely used in clinical practice, which could lead to the suppression of osteoblast function in the joint bones (Hartmann et al., 2016). Furthermore, a recent report showed that physical exercise is more effective in reducing joint pain and physical ability in OA patients than intra-articular GC injection, thereby suggesting that GC use in OA may not be necessary (Bhatia et al., 2013). Presently, there is no pharmacotherapy for OA and the primary course of medical management involves pain mitigation through analgesic drugs besides intra-articular GC injection for mitigating local inflammation.
The Musculoskeletal System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
The general term for inflammation of a joint is arthritis(arthro = joint, itis = inflammation). It occurs most commonly in joints of the hands, knees, hips, low back, and shoulders. The most common type of arthritis is osteoarthritis (OA) or degenerative joint disease (DJD), which is a chronic, progressive, degenerative disease usually affecting the weight-bearing joints. A term likely to be associated with this disease is Heberden's nodes, pea-size enlargements of the fingers as the tubercles (small rounded protuberance on the bone) enlarge.
Actions of Dopamine on the Skin and the Skeleton
Published in Nira Ben-Jonathan, Dopamine, 2020
The major complaint by individuals with arthritis is joint pain, which can be constant and localized to the joint affected. Arthritis is the most common cause of disability in the United States. More than 20 million individuals with arthritis have severe limitations in function on a daily basis. Treatment options vary depending on the type of arthritis and include physical therapy, lifestyle changes, orthopedic bracing, and medications. The medications can help reduce inflammation in the joint which decreases pain and slow the joint damage. Joint replacement surgery may be required in eroding forms of arthritis.
Catalpol promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in chondrocytes
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022
Dan Chen, Jing Guo, Longguang Li
Joint disorders are common diseases which are painful and often disturb one’s healthy life. Arthritis is the well-recognised and the most frequent joint problem, and its worldwide prevalence is one of the major threats for humans well-being (Brennan-Olsen et al.2017). Despite its high occurrence, the current medication-based treatment strategies often aim to manage the joint pain and to modulate the immune system. A lot of the medication used to treat arthritis has been reported to have side effects. In recent years, researchers have tried a variety of herbal medicines to control the progress of joint diseases and have shown promising clinical data (De Silva et al.2011, Macfarlane et al.2012). The traditional herbal medicines and the extracted natural biologics are relatively safe and show less side effects compared to the synthesised compounds.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for Evaluation of Retinal Vascular Changes in Patients with Psoriasis according to Disease Severity
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2022
Abdurrahman Alpaslan Alkan, Ceylan Uslu Doğan, İbrahim Çağrı Türker
Psoriasis is a complex, systemic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease with classical skin changes as a phenotypic manifestation. Although it is usually characterized by skin lesions, it may affect the entire body and may cause eye problems or arthritis.15 The inflammatory effects of psoriasis can also cause serious vascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. In a study using positron emission tomography/computed tomography, vascular inflammation was detected in the aorta, and another study reported a relationship between psoriasis severity and degree of vascular inflammation.16,17 It has also been shown that psoriasis may be associated with atherosclerosis and ischemia as well as systemic inflammatory effects. Patients with psoriasis exhibit more atherosclerotic changes compared to healthy controls, and there is a positive correlation between atherosclerosis and psoriasis duration.18,19
LncRNA CALML3-AS1 regulates chondrocyte apoptosis by acting as a sponge for miR-146a
Published in Autoimmunity, 2021
Tingting Nie, Chengqiang Zhang, Gailian Zhang, Lihua Fang, Xiaoping Liu, Rui Li, Luping Cui, Jie Wang
The most common type of arthritis is osteoarthritis, which is caused by the abrasion of protective cartilage [1]. As a clinical disorder that affects the whole joint, osteoarthritis results in the pathological changes in subchondral bone, meniscus, synovial membrane, and infrapatellar fat pad [1,2]. Osteoarthritis is not lethal, however, it causes chronic pain and disability in adults [1,2]. The socioeconomic cost of patients with osteoarthritis is unacceptably high worldwide [1,2]. At present, radical treatment strategies for osteoarthritis remain lack. Almost all available therapeutic approaches for osteoarthritis are just symptom control and pain relief rather than the modification of disease [3]. Therefore, recurrence is common and long-term outcomes are poor [4,5]. Ageing and aberrant metabolism are the main risk factors of osteoarthritis [6,7]. In addition, molecular mechanisms of this disease remain elusive and the development of novel therapies is needed.