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Osteoarthritis (OA)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Osteoarthritis, also known as degenerative joint disease, is the most common form of arthritis and is the leading cause of disability wordwide. Osteoarthritis is characterized by deterioration of articular cartilage (becoming soft, thin, and frayed) with formation of reactive new bone (osteophytes or bone spurs), pain, limitation of motion, joint deformity, and disability. This chronic joint condition is often referred to as a noninflammatory type of arthritis because it lacks inflammatory features, such as warm or swollen joints. However, OA is not a simple “wear and tear” process as previously thought, but a true inflammatory disease according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). OA can occur in people of all ages, but is most common in people older than 65. Risk factors include increasing age, obesity, previous joint injury, genetics, and overuse of the joint.
Orthopaedics
Published in Kelvin Yan, Surgical and Anaesthetic Instruments for OSCEs, 2021
The primary indication for a hip replacement is arthritis-related pain. Functional limitation of arthritis is another indication, usually associated with pain. The main cause is osteoarthritis. Other causes include rheumatoid arthritis and any inflammatory joint conditions. Stiffness from conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis is so debilitating that it would warrant a hip replacement even when not associated with pain. Another common indication is hip fracture.
Low Back Pain
Published in Benjamin Apichai, Chinese Medicine for Lower Body Pain, 2021
Osteoarthritis is also known as degenerative joint disease. Spinal osteoarthritis is a degenerative change of the cartilage of the lumbar joints and discs. The intervertebral discs dehydrate, resulting in disc degeneration. Then, the degeneration leads to a narrowing between vertebrae, which causes pressure on the articular cartilage surface of the facet joint, causing bone to rub against bone. Bone spurs called osteophytes begin to form around the facet joints; the spur grows slowly over time, often without symptoms.
Responsiveness and the minimal important change of Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score in Persian patients with knee osteoarthritis following physiotherapy intervention
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Neda Mostafaee, Farideh Nourollahi, Javid Mostamand, Hossein Negahban
A cohort of consecutive 146 patients was prospectively recruited from three physiotherapy clinics in Iran, between April 2016 and August 2017. Three physiotherapists participated in this study. Following the classification of American College of Rheumatology, orthopedists confirmed the diagnosis of osteoarthritis in these patients (Altman et al., 1986). The inclusion criteria were age more than 50 years, unilateral or bilateral knee osteoarthritis, existence of radiographic signs of osteoarthritis on X-Ray, and ability to read and understand Persian. The patients were excluded if they had cognitive impairment as determined by validated Persian-version of Mini-Mental State Examination (Mini-Mental State Examination < 23) (Ansari et al., 2010), peripheral neuropathy, rheumatoid arthritis, injury in the lower limbs in the previous 6 months, total knee arthroplasty, and intra-articular steroid injection (previous 6 months).
Antibodies against phosphorylcholine and protection against atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and chronic inflammation
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2022
Chronic inflammation is a common theme in several different diseases which together represent a huge part of disease burden today. The largest of these in terms of mortality is cardiovascular disease (CVD), including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. The major underlying factor is atherosclerosis, which is the main topic herein, not only because CVD and atherosclerosis are dominant as disease causes, but also because much more is known about phosphorylcholine (PC) and antibodies against PC (anti-PC) in these conditions as compared to other chronic inflammatory conditions. Among these, rheumatic diseases are typically of inflammatory and also chronic inflammatory nature and nowadays also osteoarthritis is usually seen as an inflammatory and rheumatic condition. In addition, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance and even dementia and obesity are examples of chronic inflammation[1].
Chance health locus of control beliefs in Hindu Nepali patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction relates to perceived sports knee function and symptoms
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2021
John Nyland, Kishor Parajuli, Rajesh Singh, Arjun Gautam, Austin Smith, Chakra Pandey
In the post-industrial era, knee osteoarthritis has become a worldwide problem, particularly in countries with high middle-aged and elderly populations [11]. Knee osteoarthritis, however, may be more preventable than is currently believed as it is associated with altered ligament loading and physical activity levels [11]. The identification of ways to better assure that patients develop the needed behaviors to prevent knee osteoarthritis is highly important. To our knowledge, no previous study has reported the relationship between HLOC components of internality, chance, doctors and other people with patient reported knee function following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction among non-western cultures. The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to obtain baseline descriptive data regarding Multidimensional HLOC and Knee Outcome Survey – Sports Activities Scale subscale scores and to evaluate the relationship of Multidimensional HLOC components on patient reported knee function and symptoms during rehabilitation among Hindu patients from Nepal who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.