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Making Discipline Reform
Published in Frances Vavrus, Lesley Bartlett, Doing Comparative Case Studies, 2023
Additional therapeutic approaches include trauma-informed care, mindfulness, and nonviolent crisis intervention. Trauma-informed care or practices aim to “minimize children’s ongoing exposure to adversity and unnecessary trauma triggers, while also strengthening supports and coping through individualized or more generalized approaches” (Herrenkohl et al., 2019, p. 374). A trauma-informed approach commonly focuses on preventing the re-traumatization of children through school punishment and supporting students in regulating their emotions. Mindfulness practices, such as breathing and stretching exercises, similarly aim to improve students’ academic and behavioral outcomes by decreasing stress and anxiety (Gutierrez et al., 2019). Nonviolent crisis intervention training teaches educators how to recognize the stages of an escalating crisis and deescalate them, using physical restraint as a last resort (NCI, 2021).
Positive psychology of stress
Published in Tony Cassidy, Stress, Cognition and Health, 2023
The coping literature preceding the current positive trend largely depended on a cognitive approach wherein a rational process of choice led to effective coping strategies. Affect and emotions were relegated to side effects of the stress process or seen to generally have non-productive effects, as in emotion-focused coping. However, the positive psychology movement has led to a re-examination of the role of emotions. It is generally recognised in the aftermath of traumatic events that emotional processing needs to occur before the experience can be reintegrated into a new life situation within which the person can continue life with relative normality. In addition, the tendency to assume that emotion-focused coping was linked with avoidance and was therefore negative or non-productive has been questioned in the literature on post-traumatic stress disorder. It is now accepted that avoidance can be an effective way of dealing with trauma in the initial stages and may be generally effective in situations where the individual has no opportunity to take control. The recognition that experiencing positive emotions increases resilience as in the broaden and build theory of Fredrickson (2001) has brought emotions back into focus in coping research.
Psychological Aspects of Trauma
Published in Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner, Trauma Care Manual, 2021
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner
There are many forms of trauma, and whilst each has some specific features, they share many common ones. Perhaps the most distinctive is the potential to overwhelm individuals’ or the community’s ability to cope. Although reference is made in this chapter to children and adolescents, it does not provide details about these age groups. Further information about the psychological effects of trauma on children is given in Chapter 22 and a number of specialist texts are available.1–3
Peer support for traumatic injury survivors: a scoping review
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2023
Marina B. Wasilewski, Jorge Rios, Robert Simpson, Sander L. Hitzig, Lesley Gotlib Conn, Crystal MacKay, Amanda L. Mayo, Lawrence R. Robinson
One way that trauma survivors can receive psychosocial support is from peers (i.e., individuals who have also experienced a traumatic injury). Peer support is emerging as a central part of psychosocial recovery for trauma patients and has been recognized as a way of providing high-quality, patient-centered care that complements standard clinical practice [6,12–14]. In other mental health populations, peer support has been associated with fewer hospitalizations, reduced use of outpatient services, less social isolation, and better community reintegration [15]. Peer support for traumatic injury survivors specifically has been shown to lower distress after injury [16], enhance quality of life [17], and improve survivors’ ability to cope with depression and sadness [17]. Peers are uniquely able to draw on their lived experiences to help fellow trauma survivors cope with depression and anxiety through the provision of education and social support [15,18]. Peer-led learning is shown to be an effective tool for patient education, knowledge acquisition, disease management, and social support [19]. The personalized support trauma patients receive from peers helps them cope with their traumatic injury [20], adapt to a new way of life [21], and better reintegrate into the community [21]. Support from peers may be sought throughout trauma recovery and can entail: (1) emotional support (expressions of caring, empathy. and reassurance); (2) informational support (advice, suggestions, factual input, and feedback); and (3) affirmational support (affirmation of feelings and behaviors, reassurance that frustrations can be managed) [21,22].
Unilateral amygdala ablation: a potential treatment option for severe chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2023
Lois Teye-Botchway, Jon T. Willie, Sanne J.H. van Rooij
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder that occurs when psychiatric symptoms, such as flashbacks, nightmares, and hyperarousal, develop after exposure to a traumatic event. Unfortunately, PTSD diagnoses and trauma exposure are prevalent in many communities today. About 70% of adults have experienced a traumatic event at least once, and lifetime PTSD estimates range between 6% and 9%, with even higher levels reported in at-risk or low-resourced populations [1–3]. Data shows that the increasing rates of PTSD in our communities constitute a public health crisis that warrants more attention, research, and better treatment. Although the recommended PTSD treatments, such as trauma-focused therapy, with or without medication, are successful for some patients, studies have found that about 30–50% of PTSD patients do not respond to current treatment options [4], which illustrates the importance of developing new methods and ways of treating this disorder.
Trauma-Informed Clinical Practice with Clients with Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors
Published in Smith College Studies in Social Work, 2022
Rebecca G. Mirick, Joanna Bridger, James McCauley
At its core, trauma-informed care is a universal prevention strategy that assumes an individual’s behaviors are adaptations in the context of their life experiences. It aims to avoid re-traumatization and create safe healing environments. Recognizing the value and healing power of relationships, trauma-informed clinicians prioritize the development of working relationships characterized by trust, collaboration, and compassion (Levenson, 2017, 2020; Menschner & Maul, 2016). Within these relationships, clinicians share their knowledge about the psychological and physiological impact of trauma. This psychoeducation normalizes presenting problems, including suicidality, and reframes maladaptive behaviors into coping skills that demonstrate resilience while simultaneously creating hope about the possibility of change and healing.