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Thoracic Trauma
Published in Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner, Trauma Care Manual, 2021
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner
Penetrating trauma results in direct organ injury with haemorrhage, which may be life-threatening. Any intrathoracic organ can be involved, frequently more than one. Concomitant abdominal injuries may be present as well, either from a projectile traversing the diaphragm or from additional truncal wounds.
The Abdomen
Published in Kenneth D Boffard, Manual of Definitive Surgical Trauma Care: Incorporating Definitive Anaesthetic Trauma Care, 2019
Bladder injuries are mainly due to blunt trauma, and are found in about 8% of pelvic fractures. Penetrating trauma is due to gunshot, stabs, impalement, or iatrogenic injuries, mostly in relation to orthopaedic pelvic fixation.
Ear Trauma
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
Facial nerve palsy complicates about 7% of temporal bone fractures, dependimg on the type of trauma and fracture pattern.191 Penetrating trauma has a higher incidence of about 52%.192 Facial nerve injuries occur in 10–25% of longitudinal fractures, in 38–50% of transverse,133 and are more common with otic capsule violating fractures.191 Sixty-six percent of fractures are located at the geniculate ganglion, 20% at the second genu, 8% in the tympanic segment and 6% in the mastoid portion. Six percent of geniculate ganglion lesions exhibited a second site of trauma in the mastoid portion.193
Penile reconstruction: An up-to-date review of the literature
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2021
Nicholas Ottaiano, Joshua Pincus, Jacob Tannenbaum, Omar Dawood, Omer Raheem
Penetrating trauma is much more common in the military setting compared to that of the general public, accounting for 14.8% and 0.57% of all patients presenting with external genital trauma, respectively [16,17]. Ballistic wounds from projectiles can cause penetrating injury to the penis. The damaged area can be classified into zones to better aid in understanding of how each area of tissue will respond to injury. The primary tract the penetrating projectile leaves behind from coming into direct contact with tissue by directly piercing through is referred to as zone 1. Another temporary zone created from the shearing of tissue via energy waves from the projectile resulting in blood vessel rupture, muscle damage, and a zone of haemorrhage adjacent to zone 1 is designated as zone 2. Lastly, zone 3 extends further into the tissue because of the dispersion of shock waves. The recovery of tissues in zones 2 and 3 is variable, as injury progression often takes days to progress. This variability is especially pronounced when immediate debridement is prolonged after initial injury [17].
Interviewing forensic specialists regarding medical-legal illustration methods to replace gruesome graphic evidence
Published in Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, 2020
Makiko Haragi, Rutsuko Yamaguchi, Tsuyoshi Okuhara, Takahiro Kiuchi
In forensic medicine, apparent wounds differ from penetrating trauma and blunt trauma, and there is a need to examine both. Further, to avoid biases of age and sex, a wide range of ages and different sexes were included. According to these criteria, we chose three post-mortem cases. The case details are as follows:Case 1. Age: 60s; sex: male; cause of death: external carotid artery injury due to penetrating neck trauma; kind of trauma: penetrating.Case 2. Age: 80s; sex: female; cause of death: multiple trauma and posttraumatic shock; kind of trauma: blunt.Case 3. Age: 30s; sex: male; cause of death: thoraco-abdominal trauma and tension pneumothorax (work-related death); kind of trauma: blunt.
Predictors of Hypothermia upon Trauma Center Arrival in Severe Trauma Patients Transported to Hospital via EMS
Published in Prehospital Emergency Care, 2020
Chantal Forristal, Kristine Van Aarsen, Melanie Columbus, James Wei, Kelly Vogt, Sameer Mal
The logistic regression results can be summarized as 7 risk factors for hypothermia in major trauma: pre-MTC intubation, higher ISS, more comorbidities, lower SBP, lower ambient outdoor temperatures, direct transport to MTC, and non-penetrating mechanisms of injury. Higher ISS, hypotension, winter months (i.e., colder outdoor temperatures), and intubation, have consistently been identified as risk factors for the development of hypothermia in trauma (2, 5, 6, 19). Most of the conditions identified as risk factors can be considered surrogate markers for the severity of the patient’s injuries, or in the case of comorbidities, of patients’ baseline inability to adapt to stressors like trauma. Patients who were transported directly to the MTC are likely at higher risk of hypothermia because they do not stop at a peripheral hospital to have cold wet garments removed and warming initiated. With respect to the increased risk of hypothermia associated with non-penetrating injuries, it is hypothesized that penetrating trauma results in more focal injuries and less physiologic disruption to organs. Furthermore, stab wounds comprise the majority of penetrating trauma at the study site and these wounds are also less physiologically disruptive than high velocity ballistic injuries.