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Factors Controlling the Microflora of the Healthy Mouth
Published in Michael J. Hill, Philip D. Marsh, Human Microbial Ecology, 2020
Coaggregation of different species certainly occurs in dental plaque in the spectacular form of “corncobs” and “test tube brushes” where filamentous bacteria are seen surrounded by cocci or rods (Figure 19).41 As mentioned earlier, several examples of specific coaggregation between pairs of oral species have been demonstrated in vitro.160 Thus isolates of Streptococcus spp. form clumps when mixed with some isolates of Actinomyces spp., P. acnes, C. (Bacterionema) matruchotii, Bacteroides spp., Capnocytophaga spp. Veillonella spp., E. corrodens, or F. nucleatum. This is probably an important symbiotic mechanism in dental plaque formation. It enables bacteria such as Bacteroides and Veillonella spp. to colonize teeth by aggregating with other bacteria already there, even though they are unable to adhere to the teeth directly on their own.
An Overview of Microbes Pathogenic for Humans
Published in Nancy Khardori, Bench to Bedside, 2018
Eric Lehrer, James Radike, Nancy Khardori
This is a particularly small group of bacteria with the most notable members being of the Veillonella genus. Veillonella species rarely cause infections in humans and are normal constituents of the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and vaginal tract (Rovery et al. 2005).
Metronidazole
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Monomicrobial Veillonella spp. strain myositis in an im-munocompromised patient responded to debridement and metronidazole therapy (Beumont et al., 1995), and metronidazole may be useful for the treatment of gas gangrene (Pashby, 1981). Oral metronidazole was also effective in the treatment of a Bacteroides breast abscess (Hale et al., 1976).
Changes in the oral and nasal microbiota in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2023
Xiaoman Zhang, Xinyi Li, Huajun Xu, Zhihui Fu, Fan Wang, Weijun Huang, Kejia Wu, Chenyang Li, Yupu Liu, Jianyin Zou, Huaming Zhu, Hongliang Yi, Su Kaiming, Meizhen Gu, Jian Guan, Shankai Yin
Veillonella, gram-negative anaerobic genus, mainly distributes in the oral cavity, pharynx, respiratory tract and digestive tract [42]. It was identified as one of the predominant genera in dental plaque of preschool children [63]. It has been confirmed that Veillonella might play an important role in infection and immune development. The expression of TLR-2, TLR-4 and IL-1β in the mucosa were directly related to Veillonella spp. counts [64]. A study of nasopharyngeal swabs from children diagnosed with acute respiratory disease revealed that the presence of Veillonella parvula was associated with pneumonia [65]. In addition, Veillonella parvula could cause macrophage-related inflammation through LPS-TLR4 pathway [66]. Therefore, it was reasonable to suspect that Veillonella might play a key role in the development of the immune system in early childhood. In our study, the genus Veillonella at the adenoids, palates and tongues sites was related to AHI, ODI and mean SaO2. It was not difficult to understand that intermittent hypoxia caused by upper respiratory tract obstruction caused a decrease in SaO2, thus promoting the propagation of this anaerobic genus. However, whether Veillonella genus could promote adenoid hypertrophy through LPS-TLR4 pathway might require further exploration in subsequent studies.
Breastmilk influences development and composition of the oral microbiome
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2022
Catherine A. Butler, Geoffrey G. Adams, Jordan Blum, Samantha J. Byrne, Lauren Carpenter, Mark G. Gussy, Hanny Calache, Deanne V. Catmull, Eric C. Reynolds, Stuart G. Dashper
The species Veillonella sp. HMT 780 was significantly higher in relative abundance in never breastfed infants at ~2 months of age compared with B10 infants (Figure 1, Figure 2C). This finding was consistent with previous literature that found Veillonella sp. HMT 780 associated with exclusively formula-fed infants at three months of age [5]. Various studies have reported that Veillonella sp. HMT 780 was significantly more abundant in children affected by severe early childhood caries, compared with children who were caries-free [43,44]. Veillonella spp. are not cariogenic, however they are dependent on the lactic acid produced by cariogenic bacteria as an energy source [45]. The presence of this bacterial genus in elevated proportions is likely indicative of a diet with considerable free sugars that favours an acidogenic bacterial biofilm. A significantly higher relative abundance of salivary Veillonella sp. HMT 780 in the never breastfed infants suggests a lower salivary pH, which could potentially exclude commensal neutrophilic bacteria from colonising the oral cavity, contributing to disease-associated bacterial community development.
Analysis of oral bacterial communities: comparison of HOMINGS with a tree-based approach implemented in QIIME
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2019
Robert J. Palmer, Sean L. Cotton, Alexis S. Kokaras, Pamela Gardner, Margaret Grisius, Eileen Pelayo, Blake Warner, Bruce J. Paster, Ilias Alevizos
Figure 9 shows the proportions of Veillonella spp. and Corynebacterium spp. as detected by QIIME and HOMINGS. Congruence is clear, with the only discrepancy being the small amounts of HOMINGS Genus Probe for Corynbacterium spp.. Coverage by this probe includes many species, and overlaps with C. durum and C. matruchotii. Aside from durum and matruchotii, none of species covered by the Genus Probe were identified by QIIME. Therefore, this is either a situation in which some sequences representative of C. durum and C. matruchotii were not removed in the initial match to species probes, or a case in which QIIME failed to correctly identify Corynebacterium spp. that would match with the HOMINGS genus-level probe. Detection of common Veillonella spp. (atypcia, denticariosa, rogosae) by QIIME occurred at levels <0.5% in three of the samples (i.e. do not appear in the graph); HOMINGS Genus Probe 2 corresponds with these and was detected at low levels.