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Potential of Piper Germplasm Against Pathogenic Bacteria: Tropical Bay Islands in India
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Assessment of Medicinal Plants for Human Health, 2020
Chinthamani Jayavel, Ajit Arun Waman, Saravanan Kandasamy, Pooja Bohra
Studies with Edwardsiella tarda showed that Pipergenotypes could inhibit the growth of pathogen to some extent, whereas it remained lower than the inhibition observed for streptomycin (Table 5.5). In P. colubrinum-2, no inhibitory activity was seen, while P. colubrinum-1 showed inhibition zone at 100 µL. Contradictory reports are available for P. betle against the pathogen as some reports suggested its antibacterial activity,2,21 while poor response was observed in other,27 These variations could be attributed to the variation in the genotypes used and the strains/virulence of the pathogens employed.
Bacteria Causing Gastrointestinal Infections
Published in K. Balamurugan, U. Prithika, Pocket Guide to Bacterial Infections, 2019
B. Vinoth, M. Krishna Raja, B. Agieshkumar
Most of these illness are self-limiting lasting only for few days and do not require antibiotics. Only severe and complicated cases require antibiotics, and in fact in some cases, antibiotics might even be harmful as with EHEC. Bacteria developing resistance toward antibiotics makes it mandatory to know the sensitivity pattern before selecting an antibiotic. This makes the isolation of organism even more important. As mentioned before, there has also been a changing trend of bacteria with falling incidence of well-known older infections (i.e., EHEC O157, Vibrio cholerae) and increasing incidence of other organisms (i.e., Campylobacter, Yersinia) with few maintaining a constant trend (i.e., Salmonella), and finally with lots of emerging organisms (i.e., Arcobacteria, Edwardsiella tarda, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Aeromonas hydrophila, Listeria monocytogenes, and Laribacter hongkongensis). This chapter discusses the general biology and transmission means of more common and emerging bacterial pathogens causing GI infection and describes various diagnostic and treatment methods. The order of the pathogens represents their contribution toward disease severity.
Antibacterial Activity of Seaweeds and their Extracts
Published in Leonel Pereira, Therapeutic and Nutritional Uses of Algae, 2018
Choudhury et al. (2005) screened the organic solvent extracts of three marine algae, which showed species-specific activity in inhibiting the growth of six virulent strains of bacteria pathogenic to fish (Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio alginolyticus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aeromonas hydrophila}. Three methanol extracts and the chromatographic fractionation of active extracts of Gracilaria corticata resulted in enriched fractions with wide spectrum activity and lowered values of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).
Antibacterial activity of essential oils for combating colistin-resistant bacteria
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Abdullah M. Foda, Mohamed H. Kalaba, Gamal M. El-Sherbiny, Saad A. Moghannem, Esmail M. El-Fakharany
The results obtained from the antibiotics susceptibility test of the five bacterial isolates referred to as these isolates are considered to be multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, except E. coli AB-7. According to (CLSI) [28], the bacterial strain resistant to one antibiotic of three or more antibiotic classes is considered to be multidrug-resistant (MDR). Many studies have stated that there are various genera of Gram-negative bacteria that have acquired or natural resistance to colistin, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Morganella morganii, Serratia spp., Providencia spp., Edwardsiella tarda, and Burkholderia cepacia. Most of the above-mentioned resistant bacteria have several mechanisms to defend themselves against polymyxins, such as the alteration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the cell envelope, modifications of lipid A with phosphoethanolamine and 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose, furthermore, the use of efflux pumps, the development of capsules and overexpression of the outer membrane protein OprH, which are all efficiently controlled at the molecular level. All these strategies are thought to be responsible for the acquired and intrinsic resistance of polymyxins in these bacteria [30–33]. Gram-negative bacteria are resistant to colistin through intrinsic, adaptation, or mutation, in addition to horizontally acquired resistance via the mcr-1 gene and its variants [7].
The role of chitosan on oral delivery of peptide-loaded nanoparticle formulation
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2018
Chun Y. Wong, Hani Al-Salami, Crispin R. Dass
Edwardsiella tarda can infect fish species, such as Japanese flounder, which causes emphysematous putrefactive disease, enteric septicaemia, gangrene and red disease [100]. The recombinant outer membrane protein A (rOmpA) of E. tarda was encapsulated in chitosan-based nanoparticles for oral vaccination of an endangered fish species called Labeo fimbriatus [101]. When compared to inactivated whole cell E. tarda vaccine, the rOmpA-loaded nanoparticles in oral vaccine produced higher level of antibodies, slower antigen release and superior protection against the pathogen. Therefore, oral vaccine can potentially be an effective immunisation strategy and increase the population of this fish species. Nevertheless, future studies should optimise the encapsulation efficiency.