China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Prevention of Microbial Contamination during Manufacturing
Published in Philip A. Geis, Cosmetic Microbiology, 2020
Because process water is not sterile, it is not unusual to detect microorganisms in samples taken from various process water system sites. However, coliform bacteria and the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) indicator microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella species should not be isolated from purified water samples. There are several reasons for not detecting their presence in process water samples, including the fact they are sensitive to the antimicrobial action of chlorine when the potable or drinking source water is chlorinated (16). In a study that was conducted over a 14-year test period, none of these microbial species had been isolated from the source water for a purified water system. Instead, the following types of Gram-negative bacterial species were isolated from the potable source water for a process water system: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Brevundimonas vesicularis, Ralstonia pickettii, Pseudomonas stutzeri and Sphingomonas species (34). Risk of system contamination with these is limited as the ambient temperature (e.g., 15.0–20.0oC) of a circulating process water system is sub-optimal for their growth, and each requires a highly nutritious environment to survive and proliferate.
Ceftazidime and Ceftazidime–Avibactam
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
In regard to other aerobic Gram-negative bacilli, the following percentage of ceftazidime susceptibility have been recorded: Aeromonas spp., 95%; Agrobacterium spp. 28%; Alcaligenes spp., 84%; Chryseobacterium spp., 43%; Comamonas spp., 100%; Ochrobactrum anthropi, 11%; Ralstonia pickettii, 33%; and Sphingomonas paucimobilis, 71% (Sader et al., 2005b).
Health care settings *
Published in Jamie Bartram, Rachel Baum, Peter A. Coclanis, David M. Gute, David Kay, Stéphanie McFadyen, Katherine Pond, William Robertson, Michael J. Rouse, Routledge Handbook of Water and Health, 2015
In the plumbing system of hospitals – water taps and shower heads, sink drains and sanitation systems – only bacterial pathogens can proliferate; viruses and parasites are not able to proliferate. Some of the most important plumbing system associated waterborne pathogens are: Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiellaspp., Legionellaspp., non-tuberculosis Mycobacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, Serratia spp., Enterobacterspp., Citrobacter, Raoultellaspp.), Raoultellaspp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Sphingomonas spp., Ralstonia pickettii, fungi (Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp.) and amoeba-associated bacteria (Leegionella anisa, Bosea massiliensis).1,2,4
The role of microbiota in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2021
Chia-Chi Chang, Eiko Hayase, Robert R. Jenq
The oral cavity is the entry point to the digestive tract, and associations between the composition of the oral microbiome and pathophysiology of certain diseases have been observed previously [92,93]. The HSCT process has been found to result in distinct changes to oral and salivary microbial composition. In comparison to the gut microbiome, associations between the oral microbiome and outcomes are not as well studied but is an active area of research. One study examined the oral microbiome of allo-HSCT recipients and found that certain bacteria, including Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Ralstonia pickettii, were associated with inferior outcomes and a higher risk of mortality [93]. Another study found that pre-transplant levels of bacteria from the genera Kingella and Atopobium, as well as post-transplant levels of Methylobacterium, were associated with development of oral mucositis, a common complication after conditioning therapy [94].
Probiotic-directed modulation of gut microbiota is basal microbiome dependent
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Qiangchuan Hou, Feiyan Zhao, Wenjun Liu, Ruirui Lv, Wei Wei Thwe Khine, Jia Han, Zhihong Sun, Yuan-Kun Lee, Heping Zhang
During the period of LCZ consumption, the gut microbiota of participants from some regions changed significantly at the species level. Amongst those increasing in relative abundance in some regions were Eubacterium rectale, Roseburia faecis and Subdoligranulum variabile, which are important short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria;41,42 in addition, the increase in relative abundance of Clostridium leptum is related to decreases in intestinal inflammation and severe alcoholic fatty liver disease.43,44 Those species that declined included Ralstonia pickettii which is associated with obesity-related metabolic disorders. Previous research has shown that the abundance of R. pickettii increased in stool samples of obese subjects with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes and that fecal R. pickettii levels were correlated with plasma adiponectin levels, which are markers for impaired metabolic control.45 Although not all the above-mentioned bacterial species underwent significant changes in abundance in all regions after intake of LCZ, it did have a positive impact on gut microbiota in participants from some regions. This was achieved via increasing the relative abundance of some beneficial gut microbiota and inhibiting the growth of some harmful bacteria. When LCZ was withdrawal, most of the gut microbiota that had undergone significant changes in abundance tended to return to levels prior to LCZ intervention. This implies that supplementation with probiotics may need to be an ongoing process in order to maintain positive gut microbiota changes in healthy adults.