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Understanding the Metabolomics of Medicinal Plants under Environmental Pollution
Published in Azamal Husen, Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants, 2022
Prachi Sao, Rahat Parveen, Aryan Khattri, Shubhra Sharma, Neha Tiwari, Sachidanand Singh
Much work is being done to improve the quality of water and, among all the modern-day techniques used, the metabolic approach of using aquatic medicinal plants is most preferable (Abdullah et al., 2020; Raja et al., 2015). The very specific species of macrophytes are key players in the treatment of contaminated water. Azolla, Eichhornia, Lemna, Potamogeton, Spirodela, and Wolfiaare are some plants that have been reported as the highest in their metabolic process of phytoremediators. Being efficient in the metabolic activity of metabolizing the aquatic pollutant, these plants do so through the bioaccumulation of contaminants in their body tissue (Ansari et al., 2020). Since these plants are resistant to the toxicity of contaminants, they play a key role in the cleansing of pollution. Eichhornia is highly resistant and can bear the toxicity of major pollutants such as heavy metals, formaldehyde, formic acids, acetic acids even in the place they are present in high concentrations. Some plants like Lemnaceae are proven to be highly efficient in reducing the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). It is a cost-effective bioremediation method that uses aquatic macrophytes, which is proven to be an important technique to improve the quality of contaminated water (Darajeh et al., 2016).
Leveraging Genome Sequencing Strategies for Basic and Applied Algal Research, Exemplified by Case Studies
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
Ariana A. Vasconcelos, Vitor H. Pomin
Bioremediation is a process that uses living organisms to perform an ecological cleaning. These organisms will degrade, transform or remove waste and pollutants from environments such as water and soil. Species of algae, mainly microalgae, have been used to clean effluent pollutants, including having a high capacity to remove heavy metals from wastewater (Wilde and Benemann 1993; Rawat et al. 2011). The use of different algae for wastewater treatment has been the subject of research and development for several decades. A number of species of algae of different genus such as Botryococcus, Chlamydomonas, Chlorella and Phormidium have been proven for different phytoremediation purposes. However, the selection of algal species more suitable for the removal of certain pollutants requires more studies (Rawat et al. 2011).
Diversity and Utilization of Marine Cyanobacteria
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
Another marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria boryana BDU92181 was found to effectively degrade and metabolize the recalcitrant melanoidin pigment which is the source of dark brown color in distillery effluents (Kalavathi et al., 2001). Subramanian and Uma (1996) have identified suitable cyanobacteria for treating several noxious effluents containing organophosphorus pesticides, detergents, antibiotics, etc. and even degradation of solid wastes like coir pith by the lignolytic action of certain cyanobacteria (Malliga et al., 1996). Kumar et al. (2009) have demonstrated the ability of the hypersaline cyanobacterium Phormidium tenue in the bioconversion of Anthracene to 8 hydroxy- anthracene 1,2 dione and 10 hydroxy- anthracene 1,2 dione, whereas Napthalene is converted into [1,2] Napthoquinone and Napthalene 1,2 diol. This strain was proposed to be most suitable for use in the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution on seashores.
Activation of peroxymonosulfate into amoxicillin degradation using cobalt ferrite nanoparticles anchored on graphene (CoFe2O4@Gr)
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Elham Babaei Lashkaryani, Babak Kakavandi, Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary, Ahmad Jonidi Jafari, Mitra Gholami
Up to now, a wide range of remediation techniques such as ion exchange, adsorption, membrane systems and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (Homem and Santos 2011, Guo et al.2013, Moussavi et al.2013). But, bioremediation would not be appropriate for removal of antibiotics, because antibiotics cause removal of effective microorganisms in remediation methods. Furthermore, some of antibiotics are non-biodegradable and the maximum reduction in the concentration of AMX after bioremediation within 14–28 days was 3–5% (Dimitrakopoulou et al.2012, Chaudhuri et al.2013). Of those applied treatment methods, AOPs have shown the best performance, due to the complete removal of pollutants and lack of production of secondary pollution (MirzaHedayat et al.2018).
Recovery of Biosurfactant Using Different Extraction Solvent by Rhizospheric Bacteria Isolated from Rice-husk and Poultry Waste Biochar Amended Soil
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2020
S. O. Adebajo, P. O. Akintokun, A. E. Ojo, A.K. Akintokun, O.A. Badmos
Bioremediation is an efficient and environmental friendly remediation technology. Degradation ability of Pseudomonas putida could be due to the presence of degradative enzyme because [57,58] reported that complete petroleum hydrocarbon degradation by bacteria involves the use of specific enzymes which are the key components of the degradation. The drastic increase in the optical density on day 2 to day 4 is an indication of the ability of the isolate to utilize the nutrients, release electrons and enzymes into the medium containing the hydrocarbon leading to the breakdown of the hydrocarbon in the medium. Probably, the intake by the microbe of the medium later reduced as a result of exhaustion of the nutrients in the medium leading to reduction in the value of the optical density. This result is in line with the work of [59] where Pseudomonas aeruginosa also showed increase in absorbance over 14 days. Studies [60–62], revealed efficient hydrocarbon degraders using increase in optical density over time by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and gas chromatography (GC-MS) analysis while [63] used physical and chemical parameters before and after bioremediation to monitor their hydrocarbon degradation.
Assessment of lead tolerance in gamma exposed Aspergillus niger van Tieghem & Penicillium cyclopium Westling
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2019
Dipanwita Das, Anindita Chakraborty, Subhas C. Santra
Currently pollution caused by heavy metals has created an alarming situation in recent years. Traditional processes for removing metals are in general costly and less effective. A thrust was felt to search some alternatives of these traditional methods and so on bioremediation took birth. Potential to survive in higher concentration of metals, large scale availability and ease to harvest invent fungi as a potential candidate for bioremediation. As discussed earlier fungal strain improvement by physical mutagens is taking place but no groups worked on inducing heavy metal tolerance in fungi by gamma exposure. Recently gamma radiation induced Zn tolerance in Aspergillus niger and A. terreus was reported by our research group (Das et al. 2016a,b). Lead (Pb), being one of the most widely used heavy metal, can hamper the ecological balance and its presence at high concentration causes adverse human health effect (Lo et al. 1999; Parvathi et al. 2007). Therefore, this work is focused on exploring the possibility of gamma in modulating Pb tolerance as well as Pb removal potential assessment in A. niger and Penicillium cyclopium for their better prospect to be used in Pb bioremediation and simultaneously it has been tried to evaluate possible mechanism (antioxidant defense system) adopted by the gamma exposed fungi for being metal resistant with respect to their un-irradiated counterparts.