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Pest Control in Modern Public Health
Published in Jerome Goddard, Public Health Entomology, 2022
Under provisions of various state pesticide laws, a state regulatory agency carries out various activities to certify commercial and private applicators of pesticides, cooperate with the EPA on enforcement of federal pesticide laws, inspect records of applications of restricted-use pesticides, and investigate pesticide misuse complaints.
Health and safety in farming
Published in Alan Hall, The Subjectivities and Politics of Occupational Risk, 2020
All four of these owners/producers firmly rejected organic farming as uneconomic and impractical, using the often-repeated argument that “without chemicals, there wouldn’t be enough food to feed the world” (CS3). They also constructed their production practices as “sustainable” in line with the government and agribusiness construction of sustainable agriculture (see Chapter 6). For them, sustainability was demonstrated through the use of no-till and the adoption of several new “sustainable practices” such as planting grass buffers and wind blocks and installing better drainage systems. While none had moved fully to Integrated Pest Management (IPM) at the time of the study, they saw the profit value in attempting to reduce pesticide use through programmes like IPM, and in a follow-up one year later, I discovered that two (CS1 and 2) were using some IPM procedures such as band and targeted spraying (Baker, Green and Loker, 2020). However, again the economic benefits of chemical reductions were the central motivator for them rather than their own health If there was an “environmental” issue for them, it was not pollution but rather the degradation of the soil and the possible long-term effects on productivity (see also Atari et al., 2009).
Institutional Approaches to Healthful Eating
Published in Emily Crews Splane, Neil E. Rowland, Anaya Mitra, Psychology of Eating, 2019
Emily Crews Splane, Neil E. Rowland, Anaya Mitra
The advent of the Green Revolution saw a dramatic increase in the use of agrochemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, etc. (Nair, 2014). However, the use of these chemicals was not (and is not) without consequences. Excessive use of fertilizers in some regions has contaminated the surface and ground water, and ultimately devastated marine ecosystems resulting in dead zones (Diaz & Rosenberg, 2008). This process is referred to as eutrophication and involves the creation of a dead zone, which is a hypoxic (or low-oxygen) zone in the ocean which tends to result in the death of marine animal life. The low oxygen levels are the result of the action of the fertilizers which cause an overgrowth of marine plant life; this abundant plant life subsequently decomposes, and this decomposition process consumes the oxygen in the water, resulting in a hypoxic zone which is incompatible for marine animal life (NOAA, 2018). Pesticides are chemicals designed to kill pests (i.e., insects or worms which eat or in some way damage crops). Herbicides are chemicals designed to kill weeds which compete with agricultural crop for resources. Other agrochemicals include growth-promoting fertilizers, chemicals which alter the pH of the soil (i.e., how acidic or alkaline soil is) according to the needs of the plant, and antibiotics and chemicals applied to livestock to reduce disease and promote growth.
Determination of histopathological effects and myoglobin, periostin gene-protein expression levels in Danio rerio muscle tissue after acaricide yoksorrun-5EC (hexythiazox) application
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Yücel Başımoğlu Koca, Serdar Koca, Zübeyde Öztel, Erdal Balcan
Using pesticides is a double-edged sword as pesticides affect human and environmental health not only by killing or controlling pests but also because of their toxic effects. Many disorders such as cancer, birth defects, immune system disorders, neurological and developmental toxicity and endocrine system disruption have been associated with pesticide use (Wesseling et al.1997, Porter et al.1999, Sanborn et al.2007). Therefore, pesticides can modify physiological events of the systems within the human and animal body. For instance, dithiocarbamates (DTC) induce oxidative stress in neurons and lead to neuronal damage (Nobel et al.1995, Fitsanakis et al.2002). At this point, pesticide contamination can be essential for the increasing incidence of these kinds of pathophysiological defects.
Impact of intrauterine exposure to the insecticide coragen on the developmental and genetic toxicity in female albino rats
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Amel Ramadan Omar, Ahmed Emam Dakrory, Marwa Mohamed Abdelaal, Heba Bassiony
Despite the potential adverse effects of pesticides on the living organisms including human and the environment, they are still widely used in agriculture due to their benefits to control insects-borne diseases, increase agricultural productivity and control of various pests [1,2]. Pesticides could be taken into the body through oral, inhalation or dermal routes after being ingested in food, drinking water, residential or occupational ways [3]. The biological activity and severity of the pesticides’ toxicity impacts are determined by the type of chemical, the dose, the route and the period of exposure [3]. There are numerous chemical classes of pesticides, which may be insecticide, fungicide or herbicide. Ryanodine is a toxic natural alkaloid isolated from plant Ryania speciose and is best used as insecticide [4]. Chemically synthetic ryanodine compounds such as chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole and tetraniliprole, are called diamide insecticides that opens muscular calcium channels [5]. Chlorantraniliprole with 18.5% or 20% SC active ingredient in insecticide, has the trade name coragen, that we have investigated in our study. Coragen is being used to fight various types of flies and their larvae [6–8].
Developmental exposure to the A6-pesticide causes changes in tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression, neurochemistry, and locomotors behavior in larval zebrafish
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2022
Ahmed Nasri, Pierre-André Lafon, Amine Mezni, Philippe Clair, Nicolas Cubedo, Ezzeddine Mahmoudi, Hamouda Beyrem, Mireille Rossel, Véronique Perrier
The exponential growth of the world’s population has necessitated the use of intensive production systems in agriculture globally (Köhler and Triebskorn 2013). The over-the-top use of synthetic pesticides and improve crop yields places great strain on natural resources (Liu et al. 2015). The use of chemical pesticides has led to the appearance of several impacts in the environment, including toxic effects on the non-target organism (Hannachi et al. 2022). The arrival of new technologies such as high throughput screening and mass spectrometry in the 1990s boosted “green” chemistry, i.e. the identification of new molecules extracted from plants, and the production of derived molecules with improved properties (Benelli et al. 2016). This “green” chemistry aims to design industrial processes that are more respectful of the environment and to generate products that are more harmless to non-target organisms . These pesticides of plant origin or biopesticides are currently being explored as promising alternatives to synthetic pesticides (Benelli et al. 2016) because they are considered less harmful to non-target organisms since they are of natural origin (Shao and Zhang 2017). A6 is a biopesticide derived from the molecule α-terthienyl which was originally isolated from plants such as Asteraceae (Nivsarkar et al. 2001) for its blue fluorescent properties (Zechmeister and Sease 1947), as well as being described to have herbicidal activity (Friedman and Friedman 1995).