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Mupirocin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Mupirocin is active against S. aureus including beta-lactamase-producing, methicillin-resistant strains (Casewell and Hill, 1985, Ward and Campoli-Richards, 1986). The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) against S. aureus is 8- to 32-fold higher than its MIC (Sutherland et al., 1985; Casewell and Hill, 1987; Aldridge, 1992; Maple et al., 1992). Mupirocin is equally active against coagulase-negative staphylococci, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus hominis, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Micrococcus species are naturally resistant to mupirocin. Beta-hemolytic streptococci of groups A, B, C, and G; viridans streptococci; and Streptococcus pneumoniae are susceptible to 0.12–0.5 mg of mupirocin per liter, but the group D enterococci, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, and the nonenterococcal Streptococcus bovis are relatively insensitive, with MICs of 32–64 mg/l. For Gram-positive rods such as Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and Listeria monocytogenes, the MIC is 8.0 mg/L. Corynebacterium spp. and the anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria, such as Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, and Clostridium spp., and Propionibacterium acnes are resistant (Ward and Campoli-Richards, 1986).
Infection
Published in Janet M Rennie, Giles S Kendall, A Manual of Neonatal Intensive Care, 2013
Janet M Rennie, Giles S Kendall
In most NNUs this is the single most important cause of late-onset neonatal septicaemia. The reasons for this include the necessary vascular lines, and the fact that the bowel acts a reservoir for CONS in the newborn. CONS are the main organisms colonizing the skin of newborn babies in neonatal intensive care units. There are more than 20 species of CONS, although in clinical practice 80% of infections are caused by S. epidermidis or Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Slime-producing strains cause particular problems with line and shunt infections because the slime enables the organism to migrate along the catheter. The risk of line infection is a function of time and the number of times the catheter is used for injections.
Calculated inflammatory markers derived from complete blood count results, along with routine laboratory and clinical data, predict treatment failure of acute peritonitis in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Dan Zhou, Huibin Yang, Li Zeng, Wei Yang, Fujia Guo, Wenting Cui, Cong Chen, Jiayao Zhao, Shuran Wu, Ning Yang, Hongli Lin, Anchun Yin, Longkai Li
Baseline characteristics are presented in Table 1. The median age was 58.44 (IQR, 42.39–69.11) years, and 57 patients (58.76%) were males in the success group. The median age was 57.71 (IQR, 49.24–71.09) years, and 24 patients (58.54%) were males in the failure group. No significant differences were observed in age and gender between the two groups. However, there was a significant difference between the success and failure groups in the PD vintage (23.10 months, IQR, 8.80–46.47 vs. 30.57 months, IQR, 14.30–56.57, p = .016). Regarding the etiology of ESRD, we analyzed diabetic nephropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis, benign arteriolar nephrosclerosis, and other diseases. No significant differences were found between the two groups. According to culture results, there were 45 (32.61%) episodes with Gram-positive organisms, 31 (22.46%) episodes with Gram-negative organisms, 7 (5.07%) episodes with fungus, and 55 (39.86%) episodes with negative cultures. There were no significant differences between the two groups except for the culture-negative peritonitis (45, 46.39% vs. 10, 24.39%, p = .022). All the episodes with different strains have also been analyzed, including Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus auricularis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No significant statistical difference was found between the success and failure groups except for Staphylococcus aureus (4, 11.76% vs. 5, 45.45%, p = .028).
Emergence of coagulase-negative staphylococci
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2020
Karsten Becker, Anna Both, Samira Weißelberg, Christine Heilmann, Holger Rohde
Otherwise, to what extent CoNS contribute to beneficial and protective effects as part of the different human microbiota is a buoyant field of current research. Analyzing nasal swabs of patients on admission to a cardiothoracic surgery department revealed that nearly all individuals (91.2%) were colonized by CoNS [4]. Exploring the culturome of the human nose habitats by in-depth-analysis of patients with and without signs of nasal inflammation, S. epidermidis was found to be part of the nasal core microbiota in 97.1% of the individuals and this species appeared in 68.4% together with Cutibacterium [Propionibacterium] acnes [5]. Other frequent CoNS, i.e. in a quarter or more of the individuals detected, included Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus warneri, and S. lugdunensis [5].
A contemporary 16-year review of Coxiella burnetii infective endocarditis in a tertiary cardiac center in Queensland, Australia
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2018
Mark R. Armstrong, Kate L. McCarthy, Robert L. Horvath
Serology results available at the time of diagnosis for phase 1 IgG antibodies, or total phase 1 antibodies if IgG was not available, are presented in Tables 3 and 4 along with other diagnostic modalities. Of the available results of confirmed cases, two were not consistent with a diagnosis of Q fever endocarditis (phase 1 IgG <800, or total phase 1 antibodies of 512 or less) [19]. In the probable cases, 1 result was not consistent with the diagnosis of Q fever endocarditis. In all cases, blood cultures did not reveal any relevant pathogens. One case had a single positive blood culture with Streptococcus mitis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus epidermidis deemed to be contamination after histology confirmed the diagnosis of Q fever endocarditis.