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Acute erythematous rash on the trunk and limbs
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
This is the commonest rash of this kind in children under the age of 2, and is due to the human herpes virus-6. The rash is preceded by a high fever but the child remains well. After 3–5 days the fever goes and the rash, which looks like rubella, appears on the trunk. It lasts only 1–2 days and then disappears.
An Overview of Microbes Pathogenic for Humans
Published in Nancy Khardori, Bench to Bedside, 2018
Eric Lehrer, James Radike, Nancy Khardori
Human herpes virus 6 and 7: these viruses are the causes of roseola, which is also known as exanthem subitum or sixth disease. Roseola is most commonly seen in young children and is characterized by a high fever that lasts for several days that is followed by a skin rash.
Maribavir
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Maribavir was tested in cell culture against a variety of animal and human herpesviruses (Williams et al., 2003) and no antiviral activity was detected against herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, human herpesvirus 6, human herpesvirus 8, and several animal cytomegaloviruses. The U69 kinase of human herpesvirus 6 appears to be inhibited by maribavir, but viral replication was not meaningfully inhibited in proliferating cells (Prichard et al., 2011).
Myocarditis: causes, mechanisms, and evolving therapies
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2023
Tin Kyaw, Grant Drummond, Alex Bobik, Karlheinz Peter
Human Herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B): Vaccines in development for preventing HHV-6B infection, including HHV-6B mediated myocarditis, are currently in development and focus on preventing virus cellular entry. CD134 (TNFRSF4, Ox40) is the entry receptor for HHV-6B. It is highly expressed by T cells [54], and the heart. CD134 binds the HHV-6 envelope glycoprotein complex, gH/gL/gQ1/gQ2 [113]; both gQ1/gQ2 are critical for this binding that initiates the translocation CD134 to lipid rafts, enabling the virus to enter cells via endocytosis [54]. Mice vaccinated with a recombinant form of the tetramer that binds to CD134 greatly increased humoral and cellular immunity to HHV-6B [113], indicating that tetramer-based subunit vaccines may be a therapeutically useful strategy to prevent HHV-6 infections and myocarditis.
Shifts in the number of pityriasis rosea diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights on a viral etiology?
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2023
Pityriasis rosea (PR) is an acute papulosquamous exanthem that classically begins with an enlarging, salmon-colored, scaly papule or plaque on the trunk. This “herald patch” is followed by similar smaller lesions, whose long axes are oriented along skin cleavage lines, resulting in a Christmas tree pattern.1 A viral etiology has been proposed, with much focus on human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), a ubiquitous beta-herpesvirus.1,2 Despite being a self-limited eruption, PR has been associated with pregnancy complications, especially when onset occurs in early gestation.2 Given the associations of PR with HHV-6B viral load and adverse events in pregnancy,2 clarifying the viral etiology of PR to assess the potential role of antivirals in vulnerable populations (i.e., pregnant patients) may be of clinical benefit.
Role of environmental factors in multiple sclerosis
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2021
Amin Zarghami, Ying Li, Suzi B. Claflin, Ingrid van der Mei, Bruce V. Taylor
Human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) is the collective name for two distinct viruses (HHV-6A and HHV-6B) within the herpesvirus family. HHV-6B is highly prevalent (>90% seroprevalence) and can establish a permanent infection in early life. HHV-6B is a major cause of childhood roseola infantum. Less is known about HHV-6A [144,145]. A 2018 meta-analysis (n = 39) of studies using molecular or serological assays for the diagnosis of HHV-6 infection reported a significant increased risk of HHV-6 infection among PwMS compared to healthy controls (OR:2.23; 95%CI:1.5–3.3) but not compared to those with other neurological diseases (OR:1.8; 95%CI:0.8–4.3) [146]. In line with these findings, a 2021 case-control study (n = 670 RRMS pre-symptomatically collected blood samples and 670 matched controls) showed that HHV-6 infection was associated with greater risk of MS onset (OR for total cohort: 2.1; 95%CI:1.6–2.7) [111]. In addition, a 2020 multicentre retrospective longitudinal study among 186 PwMS receiving natalizumab reported that the percent reduction (>5%) in HHV6 IgG titers after six months of treatment was significantly associated with clinical response (i.e. no relapses or disability progression), and achieving NEDA-3 (i.e. no evidence of disease activity) [119].