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The Follow-Up Metabolic Medicine Hospital Consultation
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
There are two types of thiamine levels that can be ordered – serum/plasma and whole blood thiamine. Serum levels are actually indicators of dietary intake. They will vary on a daily basis. You need to order the whole blood specimen to get a sense of thiamine stores. Thiamine function can also be measured by an erythrocyte transketolase activity study.
Case 3
Published in Andrew Solomon, Julia Anstey, Liora Wittner, Priti Dutta, Clinical Cases, 2021
Andrew Solomon, Julia Anstey, Liora Wittner, Priti Dutta
Transketolase is an enzyme in the pentose–phosphate pathway, with thiamine and magnesium as its cofactors. Thiamine is vital to cellular energy production, and therefore any deficiency tends to affect the most active tissues first – brain, nervous system and heart
Nutritional Deficiencies
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Deepa Bhupali, Fernando D. Testai
The diagnosis of Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome is missed in about 25% of cases. Physicians should have a low threshold to suspect this condition, particularly in alcoholics, even in the absence of the complete triad. Supporting data include: RBC transketolase assay. In cases when thiamine deficiency is suspected, the diagnosis can be confirmed by showing a marked reduction in transketolase activity at baseline. The transketolase activity and clinical features may improve quickly, even within hours, after the administration of thiamine. Complete normalization of transketolase activity is usually attained within 24 hours.Low thiamine level.MRI brain.Clinical response to thiamine.
Differences in the efficiency of 3-deazathiamine and oxythiamine pyrophosphates as inhibitors of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and growth of HeLa cells in vitro
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2021
Ewa Grabowska, Magdalena Czerniecka, Urszula Czyżewska, Aneta Zambrzycka, Zenon Łotowski, Adam Tylicki
The impact of OT on eukaryotic cells was studied on mammals (in vitro and in vivo) as well as on yeast. Analysis of the amount of cells of S. cerevisiae cells showed that OT reduced the total amount of cells6. Research done on mice showed the impact of the OT on the Ehrlich’s tumour35, and this observation was similar to the findings of our research. Data on the impact on fibroblasts showed no differences between the viability of cells with increasing concentrations of OT after 24 and 48 h36. Our research was maintained for approximately 4 days, what may play a role in the viability of cells. These suggest that fibroblasts are less sensitive than HeLa cells to OT treatment. Research done on MIA PaCa-2 cells in in vitro conditions showed that after exposure of cells to OT, their RNA content was reduced by about 45%, as well as the total amount of DNA (decreased by 20%)37. Moreover, in the same study, cell proliferation was inhibited by 31 and 41% at OT concentrations of 10−8 × 5 µM and 10−7 × 5 µM OT, respectively37. Moreover, proteomic studies on MIA PaCa-2 cells after exposure to OT showed that the amount of transketolase in cells was lower compared to the control group38. In addition, their data38 showed that the inhibition of transketolase by OT may have a wider impact on the cancer cells (such as activation of the apoptosis pathway). Our experiment done on HeLa cells confirmed the inhibitory properties of OT as well as OTPP.
Thiamin Regresses the Anticancer Efficacy of Methotrexate in the Amelioration of Diethyl Nitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Wistar Strain Rats
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2020
Shakir Saleem, Imran Kazmi, Aftab Ahmad, Mohammed F. Abuzinadah, Ali Samkari, Huda M. Alkrathy, Ruqaiyah Khan
Thiamin, commonly known as vitamin B1, is a co-enzyme for trans-ketolase which converts ribose-5-phosphate and xylulose-5-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate and in ATP molecule; an essential nutrient required by all tissues, including the brain. The human body itself cannot produce thiamin but must ingest it with the diet. Thiamin-rich foods include meat (e.g. pork) and poultry; whole grain cereals (e.g. brown rice and bran); nuts; and dried beans, peas, and soybeans (17). Additionally, most of the over the counter supplements of vitamin constitute significantly large dose of thiamin varying from 100 to 6600% of the recommended dose for an individual (17). The role of thiamin in the cell is essential because of its roles in energy production and the synthesis of anabolic precursors for biosynthesis. In the pentose phosphate pathway, thiamin is an important cofactor for the enzyme transketolase (18), which in turn is responsible for the synthesis of approximately 85% of the C5-ribose sugars for nucleic acid synthesis (19).
Impaired thiol-disulphide homeostasis in patients with axonal polyneuropathy
Published in Neurological Research, 2018
Gonul Vural, Hesna Bektas, Sadiye Gumusyayla, Orhan Deniz, Murat Alışık, Ozcan Erel
CRF is one of the clinical conditions that occur with oxidative stress without a known cause and effect relationship [26,27]. Uremic polyneuropathy is a distal symmetrical mixed sensory motor polyneuropathy characterised by demyelination and axonal degeneration [28]. The primary abnormality is axonal degeneration, and the segmental demyelination occurs secondary to this. The cause of uremic polyneuropathy is not known [29]. Thiamine, zinc and biotin deficiencies and decreased transketolase activity are considered among the factors that contribute to uremic polyneuropathy [30]. Phenols, myo-inositol, and an increase in beta-2 microglobulin are also considered to be the contributing factors [31–33]. With oxidative stress that increases in uraemia, an increase occurs in the advanced glycation end products (AGE), which, in fact, were first observed in the serum and tissues of patients with diabetes, which were demonstrated to be associated with diabetic complications; this increase is independent of the blood glucose level, and it is higher in patients with uraemia than in patients with diabetes. The accumulation of gluco-oxidation products, also called carbonyl stress, in the uremic plasma may be responsible for the occurrence of uraemic complications [34,35].