China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Sickle cell disease
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Marc R. Parrish, John C. Morrison
In a patient with SCD, the symptom constellation of the chronic, severe anemia and frequent pain leads one to suspect a vaso-occlusive crisis. Most commonly, this event in the pregnant adult is associated with apparent or occult infection (20–33%) (21). Pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and puerperal endomyometritis, as well as osteomyelitis, are the infectious sites commonly encountered with sickle cell crisis. Pneumococcal pneumonia or meningitis is particularly frequent in adolescent pregnant patients with SCD (22). Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli or Salmonella, are the most common organisms noted in the third decade of life (4). These organisms are particularly likely to attack the renal and gastrointestinal (gallbladder) systems, respectively. During the second decade of life, Mycoplasma pneumoniae is also common.
Acute erythematous rash on the trunk and limbs
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
The rash occurs 10–14 days after some precipitating cause: Viral infections, especially herpes simplex. This is the commonest cause of recurrent episodes of erythema multiforme (90%).Immunisations.Bacterial infections, especially streptococcal sore throats.Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.Drugs – sulphonamides, phenylbutazone and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
The respiratory system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia transmitted by aerosol. A quarter of infections are asymptomatic, and the clinical illness varies from a mild upper respiratory tract infection to pneumonia with uni- or multilobar consolidation. The lungs are heavy and dark red with subpleural haemorrhages.
Hyperferritinemia, vasculitis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2020
I read with great interest the case report by Matthys I et al., describing a young adult patient with acute, sudden and severe clinical manifestations that the authors were able to correlate to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection only, after an accurate diagnostic workup [1]. The authors themselves highlighted how many, heterogeneous and atypical, are the clinical manifestations that can be diagnosed as Mycoplasma pneumoniae-related extrapulmonary diseases. As a pediatrician, I would like to underline that, even in children, Mycoplasma pneumoniae has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases, affecting skin, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, nervous, hemopoietic, digestive and renal systems, as recently reviewed [2] and described through direct and personal medical experience [3].
A plethora of manifestations following a Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: a case report
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2020
Imke Matthys, Daniel Borsboom, Sophia Steyaert, Delphine Vervloet, Kristoff Cornelis, Erik Vanderstraeten, Sébastien Kindt, Pieter Dewint, Valerie Lambrecht, Peter Sinnaeve, Christophe Van Steenkiste
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a small bacterium with a high prevalence worldwide. Infection is usually asymptomatic or presents only as an upper or lower respiratory tract infection. But M. pneumoniae is not merely a pulmonary infection, it can have many manifestations. An unexpected disease course can develop, even in young and otherwise healthy patients. These extrapulmonary manifestations are associated with a variety of possible life-threatening complications, involving multiple organ systems [1–4]. In this case report, a 27-year-old young man initially presented himself with a terminal ileitis and then developed a cholestatic hepatitis, bilateral anterior uveitis and multi-systemic vasculitis. This high state of inflammation even led to an ACS based on slow flow in coronary aneurysms and/or cardiac vasculitis. Diagnostic work-up showed M. pneumoniae infection to be the cause and the patient was successfully treated with azithromycin and high-dose corticosteroids (1 mg/kg/day).
Antimicrobial therapy of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2018
Hyunju Lee, Ki Wook Yun, Hoan Jong Lee, Eun Hwa Choi
Mycoplasma pneumoniae has important microbiological characteristics, which distinguishes the pathogen from other bacteria. M. pneumoniae are the smallest self-replicating bacteria and possess unusually small genomes [1]. It is a prokaryotic pathogen which lacks a cell wall and depends on the host for nutrient exchange and survival. The pathogen grows very slowly and thus cultivation of the pathogen requires up to 6 weeks [1]. M. pneumoniae initially attaches to the surface of the epithelial cells in the respiratory tract. The lack of a cell wall facilitates the direct contact of the mycoplasma membrane with that of its host, enabling transfer or exchange of membrane components [2]. In this process, the pathogen uses toxic molecules to damage host cells and induces ciliostasis and epithelial desquamation to acquire the critical nutrients needed for growth [3]. The pathogenic manifestations of mycoplasma infections are the outcome of the localized tissue disruption, cytotoxicity, and host immune reactions [4].