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Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles in Oligonucleotide Drug Delivery System
Published in Yashwant Pathak, Gene Delivery, 2022
Manish P. Patel, Praful D. Bharadia, Kunjan B. Bodiwala, Mustakim M. Mansuri, Jayvadan Patel
Synthesis of nanoparticles using a bacterial strain emerged due to the technique’s green prospect. These bacteria can mobilize or immobilize metal ions, along with reducing ion concentration and accumulation of these ions in their cell wall. Pseudomonas stutzeri AG259 is the first bacterial strain to show silver nanoparticles formation; this strain is isolated from silver mines. After that discovery, significant research has been done in this area, and many bacterial strains are isolated for synthesis of nanoparticles (Prabhu and Poulose, 2012). This approach has immense potential and a bottom up type of synthesis. Magnetotactic bacteria and S layer lattices in prokariyotic cells like bacteria are capable of synthesis of metal ions (xie et al., 2009; Györvary et al., 2004). Pseudomonas stutzeri and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can get through at even higher concentrations of metal ions (Husseiny et al., 2007). Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, T. thiooxidans, and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius convert Fe3+ into Fe2+ (Korbekandi et al., 2009). Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa can decrease concentrations of silver ions, cadmium ions, cupric ions, and lanthanum ions (Du and Li, 2016). Bacterial strains or species used in synthesis of nanoparticles are shown in Table 4.2.
Optimizing Reporter Gene Expression for Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Published in Shoogo Ueno, Bioimaging, 2020
Qin Sun, Frank S. Prato, Donna E. Goldhawk
In view of these MRI attributes, a reporter gene expression system that enhances T1- or T2-weighted contrast for molecular MRI opens another phase in the evolution of this modality. By drawing on examples in nature of cells that generate their own endogenous magnetism, we have developed a template for further exploration of MRI reporter gene technology. The lesson plan comes from a group of microorganisms called magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) and provides a means to synthesize and regulate iron biominerals with superparamagnetic qualities but no cytotoxicity.
Genetic Approaches for Modulating MRI Contrast
Published in Michel M. J. Modo, Jeff W. M. Bulte, Molecular and Cellular MR Imaging, 2007
Eric T. Ahrens, William F. Goins, Clinton S. Robison
Many organisms produce intracellular, biomineralized, superparamagnetic nanocrystals incorporating iron. The magnetosome structure of the magnetotactic bacteria is a dramatic example.24 Assembling magnetosomes within the bacteria creates a magnetic dipole moment in the cell and a biomagnetic compass. However, the precise genetic control of magnetosome formation is complex and involves many loci.25,26 There are many examples of paramagnetic metalloproteins, particularly ferritins, found in nature. Ferritins are part of a superfamily of iron storage proteins that are found in virtually all animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria.
Nanoparticle-mediated therapeutic compounds delivery to glioblastoma
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2020
Hyperthermia is a treatment for cancer based on administering heat in the range of 40–46°C to trigger cancer cells apoptosis selectively. Magnetic fluid hyperthermia delivers thermal energy through superparamagnetic iron-oxide particles (SPION) exposed to an alternating magnetic field. Magnotosomes are membranous structures present in magnetotactic bacteria containing iron magnetic particles covered with a lipid bilayer membrane such as magnetite crystals (ferric and ferrous oxide mineral) [56]. After 68 days of administration of magnetosome nanoparticles covered with poly-L-lysine and following application of hyperthermia (42°C, 27 magnetic sessions) to mice-bearing intracranial U87 GBM xenograft, the tumor fully disappeared in all the animals [57].