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Curcumin and Neglected Infectious Diseases
Published in Venkatesan Jayaprakash, Daniele Castagnolo, Yusuf Özkay, Medicinal Chemistry of Neglected and Tropical Diseases, 2019
Francesca Mazzacuva, Agostino Cilibrizzi
As single agents for monotherapy in helminth infections, curcumin (1) and other curcuminoids seem to possess only poor activity. In contrast, various combinations of them suggest possible synergistic effects with a high increase in nematocidal activity, as firstly demonstrated in studies with Toxocara canis (Kiuchi et al. 1993). For instance, the combination of Curcuma longa L. and Zingiber officinalis L. (both in the form of rhizome extracts) exhibited high antihelmintic properties, showing valuable vermicidal agents in vitro against Pheretima posthuma (Singh et al. 2011, Raul et al. 2012) and Ascaridia galli (Bazh and El-Bahy 2013).
Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.: A REVIEW OF ITS ETHNOBOTANY, PHYTOCHEMICAL, AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE
Published in V. R. Mohan, A. Doss, P. S. Tresina, Ethnomedicinal Plants with Therapeutic Properties, 2019
S. Jeeva, Joselin Joseph, R. Mary Sujin
Helminth infections are among the most widespread infections in humans, distressing a huge population of the world. The majority of infections due to helminths is generally restricted to tropical regions and cause enormous hazard to health and contribute to the prevalence of undernourishment, anemia, eosinophilia, and pneumonia (Bundy, 1994). In vitro anthelmintic activity of ethanol and aqueous extracts of whole plant of H. suaveolens were investigated for activity against the Indian adult earthworm; Pheretima posthuma and Ascaridia galli using piperazine citrate as positive and distilled water as negative control. The assay was carried out using the method described by Nayak et al. (2010) and Ajaiyeoba et al. (2001). Different concentrations (25, 50, and 100 mg/mL) of each extract were studied for activity, based on time of paralysis and time of death of the worm. Time for paralysis was noted when no movement of any sort could be observed except when the worms were shaken vigorously and death was concluded when the worms lost their motility followed with the fading away of their body colors. Extracts of H. suaveolens were found to exhibit significant anthelmintic activity at the highest concentration of 100 mg/mL.
Pseudoterranova
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Genome. The complete mitochondrial genomes of P. krabbei, P. decipiens, P. cattani, and P. bulbosa are 13,948 bp, 13,962–13,962 bp, 13,950 bp, and 13,957 bp, respectively. Typical of chromadorean nematodes, Pseudoterranova mitochondrial genomes contain 36 genes (including 12 protein-encoding, 2 rRNA, and 22 tRNA genes of 52–63 bp), which are organized in an order identical to that in Anisakis (Anisakidae), Ascaris (Ascarididae), and Toxocara (Toxocaridae), but different from that of Ascaridia (Ascaridiidae) and Cucullanus (Cucullanidae) [5].
Gut microbial profiling as a therapeutic and diagnostic target for managing primary biliary cholangitis.
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2020
Annarosa Floreani, Sara De Martin, Tsukasa Ikeura, Kazuichi Okazaki, Merrill Eric Gershwin
Several microbial antigens, mainly bacteria, but also viruses, parasites, and fungi have been postulated as possible triggers of PBC [7]. A linear conformational mimicry between microbial proteins and human mitochondrial antigens has been demonstrated for Escherichia coli, Novosphingobium aromaticivorans, Salmonella Minnesota, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Hemophilus influenzae, Yersinia enterocolitica, Streptococcus intermedius, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Paracoccus denitrificans, Mycoplam, Mycobacterium gordonae, Borrelia burgdorferi, Trypanosoma, and Ascaridia galli [8]. Interestingly, the infection of genetically susceptible mouse strains with Novosphingobium aromaticivorans induced anti- mitochondrial Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex E2 (PDC E2) responses and liver lesions resembling PBC in humans [9]. Moreover, it has been found that IgG3 antibodies directed against b-galactosidase of Lactobacillus delbrueckii cross-react with the same major mitochondrial autoepitope and are characteristic of PBC [10].
Curcuma longa ethanol extract and Curcumin inhibit the growth of Acanthamoeba triangularis trophozoites and cysts isolated from water reservoirs at Walailak University, Thailand
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2020
Watcharapong Mitsuwan, Chooseel Bunsuwansakul, Theodore Ebenezer Leonard, Sawanya Laohaprapanon, Kruawan Hounkong, Kingkan Bunluepuech, Chalermpon Kaewjai, Tooba Mahboob, Chandramathi Sumudi Raju, Mahaveer Dhobi, Maria de Lourdes Pereira, Muhammad Nawaz, Christophe Wiart, Abolghasem Siyadatpanah, Roghayeh Norouzi, Veeranoot Nissapatorn
The present study is focused on anti-Acanthamoeba activity of ethanol extracts of Thai medicinal plants based on eye infection treatment. The results demonstrated that C. longa extract showed the strongest anti-Acanthamoeba activity against both the trophozoites and cysts. Interestingly, C. longa essential oil has been reported of inhibiting Acanthamoeba spp. trophozoites but not for the cyst form [18]. Inhibition of A. castellanii cysts by C. longa ethanol extract has been reported [19]. In addition, C. longa extract possessed other anti-parasitic activities against various pathogenic organisms including Ascaridia galli [20], Haemonchus larval stage [21], Schistosoma mansoni [22], and Trypanosoma spp [23].
Chemical composition and broad-spectrum anthelmintic activity of a cultivar of toothache plant, Acmella oleracea, from Mizoram, India
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Pawi Bawitlung Lalthanpuii, Kholhring Lalchhandama
In vitro anthelmintic activity was studied on the cestode, Taenia tetragona, and the nematode, Ascaridia perspicillum. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Pachhunga University College (PUC-IAEC-2016-Z2 of 10/08/2016). Freshly killed fowls were obtained from the Rural Slaughter House, Aizawl, Government of Mizoram. The helminth parasites were collected from the intestines of six naturally infected local fowls, Gallus gallus domesticus Linn. Acmella oleracea hexane extract was prepared in different concentrations (viz. 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/mL) by dissolving in 0.9% neutral phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with 1% dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO). Albendazole (ZENTEL®, a product of GlaxoSmithKline, with a standard dosage of 20 mg/mL) was prepared similarly as a reference drug. Control consisted only of PBS with DMSO. Batches of two worms were introduced into each media maintained at 37 ± 1 °C, and each test was done in triplicates.