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The Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Neurological Diseases
Published in David Perlmutter, The Microbiome and the Brain, 2019
Thomas Borody, John Bienenstock
One case of Tourette’s being reversed by FMT has been reported in the literature.121 A 9-year-old male presented with classic symptoms of Tourette’s, including involuntary eye turning, headshaking, shrugging, and vocal tics, which he had experienced for two-and-a-half years. After receiving treatment with tiapride 100 mg three times daily and probiotics consisting of Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium butyricum, and an Enterococcus, the patient experienced an initial improvement in symptoms for two months before reporting a gradual recurrence of symptoms. The patient was subsequently offered FMT as a treatment for tic symptoms and was administered 100 ml dose FMT via gastroscopy into the small intestine and 300 ml via colonoscopy using stool from a healthy 14-year-old male donor. Following FMT, the patient experienced a dramatic improvement in symptoms, including a reduction in tic severity score from 31 to 5, motor severity score from 16 to 5, and vocal severity score from 15 to 0.
Probiotics and their Potential Effects on Schizophrenia Symptoms
Published in Martin Colin R, Derek Larkin, Probiotics in Mental Health, 2018
Mick P Fleming, Colin R Martin
In a single case study design, Nagamine et al. (2012) found that treatment with probiotics had an effect on the alleviation of negative symptoms, in a 50-year-old hospitalised male patient with a 30-year history of schizophrenia, compared to a similar control patient. The man’s presentation included both positive (auditory hallucinations) and negative (inactivity, lacking vigour and poor emotional expression) symptoms. The man had also been experiencing chronic constipation and in order to alleviate the constipation a probiotic treatment was administered. The probiotic treatment was composed of three grammes of Streptococcus faecalis per day, Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus mesentericus. The probiotic preparation was made up of 30 milligrammes of Lactomin (S. faecalis), 150 milligrammes of Clostridium butyricum and 150 milligrammes of Bacillus mesentericus. This preparation was administered along with the patient’s normal antipsychotic medication regime (haloperidol 1260 milligrammes chlorpromazine equivalent per day and three milligrammes per day biperiden for the relief of extrapyramidal symptoms). The patient acting as control was of a similar age from the same clinical area. This patient was given his usual antipsychotic treatment (haloperidol 1100 milligrammes chlorpromazine equivalent per day and three milligrammes per day biperiden for the relief of extrapyramidal symptoms).
Microorganisms, Plants, and Lower Animals
Published in Stephen P. Coburn, The Chemistry and Metabolism of 4′-Deoxypyridoxine, 2018
Deoxypyridoxine has also been tested in a variety of other organisms, although not as thoroughly as in Saeeharomyees earlsbergensis. Rabinowitz and Snell401 noted that none of the four organisms tested (Clostridium butyricum, Escherichia coli Y109, Lactobacillus arabinosus, Torula cremoris 2512) which grow in the absence of an external source of vitamin B6 were inhibited by deoxypyridoxine (167 gg/ml). Several organisms (Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus helveticus, Streptococcus faecalis) which required external B6 were also unaffected at that concentration. In contrast to the situation in Saeeharomyees earlsbergensis, where 4′-deoxypyridoxine was much more effective than 5′-deoxypyridoxine, in Streptococcus faecalisboth 4′- and 5′-deoxypyridoxine were relatively poor inhibitors, possibly because pyridoxine itself cannot serve as a source of vitamin B6 for this organism402 (Table 4). Deoxypyridoxine and deoxypyridoxine phosphate had no effect at ratios to pyridoxamine of 2.4 × 105 and 4.8 × 104, respectively.369 5′-Deoxypyridoxamine was the most effective inhibitor.402
Psychobiotics as treatment for anxiety, depression, and related symptoms: a systematic review
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2021
Kristen S. Smith, Michael W. Greene, Jeganathan Ramesh Babu, Andrew D. Frugé
Another study utilizing a potential psychobiotic aimed to relieve anxiety symptoms and was conducted by Yang et al. in laryngeal cancer patients [51]. Participants were stratified by healthy or needing-surgery and then randomized to receive a placebo, probiotic, or no intervention. Patients receiving a probiotic or placebo were instructed to consume the capsule twice daily for 2 weeks. Probiotic capsules contained Clostridium butyricum. The Hamilton Anxiety Scale was used to evaluate patients’ anxiety about surgery at baseline and the day before the operation. Blood samples were collected from all participants at baseline and 1 day prior to surgery. Heartbeat was recorded twice daily, morning and evening. Within the cancer patients, the probiotic intervention showed no fluctuation in circulating corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) levels, however, the placebo and no intervention group increased CRF levels from baseline to 1 day prior to surgery. Among healthy controls, there was no differences in CRF levels across the time points. Placebo and no intervention groups increased heartbeat throughout the duration of the study, whereas probiotic administration in patients kept their heartbeats steady. Compared to placebo, anxiety scores significantly decreased in the probiotic intervention group (19.8 baseline score vs. 10.2 study end score). Anxiety scores did not differ among healthy controls [51]. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of probiotic administration on reducing pre-surgery stress in laryngeal cancer patients.
Clostridium butyricum protects the epithelial barrier by maintaining tight junction protein expression and regulating microflora in a murine model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2018
Hui Li, Yi Gong, Ying Xie, Qian Sun, Yan Li
As a Gram-positive obligate anaerobic bacillus, Clostridium butyricum exists in the soil, and in animal and human intestines. Compared to other non-sporulating probiotics, C. butyricum shows good resistance to the effects of gastric acid and temperature. These prominent advantages make it easy to be transported and used. Moreover, as a kind of butyrate-producing probiotic [8], C. butyricum can directly supplement butyrate during the repair of damaged intestinal mucosa. Recent studies have demonstrated that C. butyricum increases the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines such asIL-10, and decreases levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-23, IL-18, and TNF-α [9–11]. In addition, several clinical studies have reported the satisfactory efficacy of C. butyricum in the treatment of UC, but the exact mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Current investigations of C. butyricum in UC are limited to a small number of animal experiments, and, thus, it is essential to explore the definitive role of C. butyricumin the intestinal barrier for better guidance in the clinical therapy of UC.
Maternal sucralose intake alters gut microbiota of offspring and exacerbates hepatic steatosis in adulthood
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Xin Dai, Zixuan Guo, Danfeng Chen, Lu Li, Xueli Song, Tianyu Liu, Ge Jin, Yun Li, Yi Liu, Aihemaiti Ajiguli, Cheng Yang, Bangmao Wang, Hailong Cao
Clostridium butyricum was used as the representative of butyrate-producing bacteria because it was one of the most commonly used butyrate-producing bacteria in clinical studies and basic science.70–74Clostridium butyricum (ATCC 19398), which was kindly provided by China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center was incubated in brain heart infusion medium at 37°C in an anaerobic environment for 24 h. And then the bacteria were harvested with centrifugation (3000 g × 5 min) and resuspended in sterile PBS at the density of 1 × 1010 CFU/ml. Then, we collected the supernatant, filtered it through aperture filters of 0.22-μm, and then diluted it with complete culture medium.