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Metabolic Laboratory Data
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
In this chapter, we will be discussing the concept of clinical biochemistry. We will explore the interpretation of the various labs that we order and provide some of the scientific basis for their use in clinical practice. We will outline the typical order sets we use on initial and follow-up consults.
Clinical Pharmacology
Published in Gary M. Matoren, The Clinical Research Process in the Pharmaceutical Industry, 2020
William B. Abrams, Keith H. Jones
It is usual for these objectives to be achieved through an orderly sequence of studies of increasing dose exposure and complexity starting with initial single-dose administration. After the first dose is observed to be safe, incrementally increased single doses are given at intervals up to a predetermined maximum dose. The maximum is based on animal safety information. Blood or urinary drug concentrations may be determined to obtain preliminary data on drug absorption and elimination. Repeated dose studies are then conducted during which evidence may be obtained regarding tolerability and drug cumulation and elimination patterns. Observations are made of hematology, clinical biochemistry, and specific organ function tests, such as hepatic and renal function, to confirm safety. Specific tests of biochemical or organ function may also be conducted as indicators of drug activity, though separate pharmacodynamic studies in model systems are usually conducted separately from tolerability studies. These pharmacodynamic studies are designed to demonstrate the nature of drug action, its profile against time, and its relation to dose and concentration of drug in body fluids.
Directorate staffing, management and organisation
Published in Michael Galloway, Suzanne Chapman, Peter Lees, Jenny Simpson, BAMM Clinical Directors’ Series Clinical Director of Pathology, 2018
The staffing skill mix which is present in a NHS laboratory is shown in Box 4.1. Medical staff within the directorate will have been exclusively trained in their own speciality and will have obtained the appropriate postgraduate diploma (Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists). In some specialities, particularly chemical pathology (sometimes referred to as clinical biochemistry), clinical scientists will also have obtained this qualification. Clinical scientists have a role not only in providing expert scientific input into the diagnostic service but also will be able to provide advice to clinicians on the appropriateness of diagnostic tests and their interpretation. However, in view of their non-medical background the type of advice which can be offered will differ from that offered by a medical consultant. Clinical scientists currently are graded at three levels (A, B and C), Grade C normally being considered to be equivalent to that of a medical consultant.1
A Proprietary Herbal Blend Containing Extracts of Punica granatum Fruit Rind and Theobroma cocoa Seeds Increases Serum Testosterone Level in Healthy Young Males: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
Poorna Gopal Azad Sreeramaneni, Amulya Yalamanchi, Manikyeswara Rao Konda, Sree Harsha Varma Cherukuri, Joseph C. Maroon
As part of the safety assessments, the fasting blood samples were examined for clinical chemistry parameters, liver function, and hematology. Clinical biochemistry parameters were fasting glucose, serum creatinine, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, serum bilirubin, ALT, AST, serum alkaline phosphatase, sodium, potassium, and serum albumin. The hematology included hemoglobin, platelet count, total leukocyte count, RBC, ESR, differential counts. The morning midstream urine samples were tested for color, specific gravity, pH, glucose, protein, and presence of RBC. The clinical laboratory tests were performed at baseline and at post-trial. The vital signs included blood pressure (systolic/diastolic), pulse rate, respiratory rate, and oral temperature were monitored at baseline and all visits of the study.
Lipemia impact on HBA1C measurements in patients with and without hemoglobin variant: a rational laboratory use evaluation
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2023
Esra Yıldırım Demirçin, Sezen Tutar, Sevilay Sezer, Filiz Akbıyık, Gülsen Yılmaz
Blood samples were collected into lavender top blood tubes containing 5.4 mg K2EDTA (BD Vacutainer BD Diagnostics, Plymouth, UK). Whole blood samples, which were routinely studied by capillary electrophoresis (Capillarys 3 Tera, Sebia, Lisses, France) for HbA1c analysis and hemoglobin electrophoresis (MINICAP Flex Piercing, Sebia, Lisses, France) for Hb variant analysis, were reviewed on a daily basis. Samples with both HbA1c and Hb variant analysis results were selected from Laboratory Information System (LIS). These samples also had samples for clinical biochemistry analysis. So, HIL index was evaluated and samples containing hemolytic, icteric and lipemic samples were excluded from the study. Initial measurements and repeated measurements were made in the enzymatic method and capillary electrophoresis on the same day. Our study was completed within 1 month.
NT-proBNP to exclude heart failure in primary care – a pragmatic, cluster-randomized study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2019
Anni Germann Najbjerg, Lærke Valsøe Bruhn, Annelli Sandbæk, Nete Hornung
Peripheral venous blood was sampled in Li-heparin standard tubes and handled as a routine blood test requested from a GP. The analyses were performed at Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Randers Regional Hospital, and the method was accredited according to DS/EN ISO 15189. The method was an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay ‘ECLIA’ (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) with two monoclonal antibodies recognizing epitopes in the N-terminal part (1-76) of proBNP (1-108) in a sandwich test principle. The measuring range was 5–35,000 ng/l and the coefficient of variation was less than 4%. The result was sent electronically to the requesting GP on the same or the following weekday. The cut-off value applied was 125 ng/L, as recommended by ESC [21] and the manufacturer.