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The Arteries, the Endothelium, Endothelial Dysfunction, Glycocalyx, Glycocalyx Dysfunction, Nitric Oxide, and CHD
Published in Mark C Houston, The Truth About Heart Disease, 2023
The alterations to the arterial muscle include leaking of the blood vessel with the loss of proteins into the cells, tissues, and organs. If this happens in the kidney, then the proteins spill into the urine (proteinuria), which is very abnormal and predicts future kidney disease. Another alteration is the constriction or narrowing of the artery with reduced blood flow and hypertension. Finally, there may be abnormal growth, thickening, and stiffness of the artery which leads to arteriosclerosis and subsequent CHD and MI.
Meeting personal needs: elimination
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
When testing urine, always observe the appearance of the urine sample first. Normal fresh urine is pale to dark yellow or amber in colour, and clear. If the urine is red or red–brown, this could be from consuming a food dye, beetroot or a drug and/or due to the presence of haemoglobin. If there are many red blood cells present, the urine will be cloudy as well. A strongly yellow sample could indicate Jaundice.
Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology of the Kidneys and Ureters
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
Paul Sturch, Sanjeev Madaan, Seshadri Sriprasad
Urine is formed through reabsorption of water and salts and the secretion of waste products.Blood passes into the glomerulus (an extension of the renal capillaries) and into the Bowman’s capsule.The high permeability of the glomerulus is achieved through:Fenestration of the negatively-charged capillary endothelial layer.Filtration slits in the glomerulus.Passive ultrafiltration of plasma across the semipermeable membrane into the proximal tubule creates urine.Fine-tuning of urine occurs in the LOH, distal tubule, CD, and renal pelvis.
Heat acclimation does not negatively affect salivary immunoglobulin-A and self-reported illness symptoms and wellness in recreational athletes
Published in Temperature, 2022
Puck Alkemade, Nicola Gerrett, Hein A. M. Daanen, Thijs M. H. Eijsvogels, Thomas W. J. Janssen, Lauren C. Keaney
HA sessions lasted for 97 ± 4 min. Cycling during HA was performed at an average power output of 94 ± 17 W, heart rate of 132 ± 14 bpm (72 ± 7% of peak heart rate), and whole-body sweat rate of 1261 ± 433 g·h−1. Average urine-specific gravity was 1.012 ± 0.006. Resting rectal temperature was not significantly different between HST1 (37.54 ± 0.30°C) and HST2 (37.39 ± 0.38°C; t(16) = 1.90, P = 0.08), while end-exercise rectal temperature after 35 min of steady state cycling was lower in HST2 (38.08 ± 0.35°C) than in HST1 (38.24 ± 0.32°C; t(16) = 2.9, P = 0.01). End-exercise heart rate after 35 min of steady state cycling was lower in HST2 (139 ± 17 bpm) than in HST1 (147 ± 19 bpm; t(16) = 4.7, P < 0.001). Whole-body sweat rate during HST2 (1338 ± 549 g·h−1) was higher than during HST1 (1072 ± 370 g·h−1; t(16) = −4.9, P < 0.001). For more detailed heat acclimation data, the reader is referred to our previous work [36,41].
Immune response induced in rodents by anti-CoVid19 plasmid DNA vaccine via pyro-drive jet injector inoculation
Published in Immunological Medicine, 2022
Tomoyuki Nishikawa, Chin Yang Chang, Jiayu A. Tai, Hiroki Hayashi, Jiao Sun, Shiho Torii, Chikako Ono, Yoshiharu Matsuura, Ryoko Ide, Junichi Mineno, Miwa Sasai, Masahiro Yamamoto, Hironori Nakagami, Kunihiko Yamashita
During the treatment period, animals were observed daily for general signs and skin reactions in the injected region. Body weights and food consumption were measured weekly. The necropsy, hematology, biochemistry, and immune response assays were performed under isoflurane anesthesia. Urine samples were collected for urinalysis. After euthanasia, specimens were visually inspected. Organs were sampled for microscopic examination including all the blood, the skin region, inguinal lymph nodes, reproductive organs, and any other organ that appeared abnormal after the visual inspection. All injected skin sites were excised to assess the recovery of the injection site. The organ samples were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin solution. Thin paraffin sections were prepared, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and subjected to histopathological analysis.
Synthetic cathinone mixtures induced prolonged psychotic symptoms with rhabdomyolysis and neurocognitive dysfunction
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2022
Chia-Heng Lin, Chia-Hsiang Chan
The evaluation indicated that the patient was hostile and hyperactive and had somatic delusions that his organs were displaced. Hyperthermia, paresis, and dark urine were also noted. Laboratory studies revealed elevated serum creatinine phosphokinase (51.69 µkat/L) and leukocytosis (12.03 × 109/L). A urine drug test revealed cathinone derivatives, including eutylone, methylone, mephedrone, and ephylone. The patient received intravenous rehydration and oral antipsychotic agent quetiapine, titrated from 50 to 200 mg daily for a month. The psychotic symptoms and physical complications were alleviated. Before discharge, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III and the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test were administered and compared with the history of high school education, which revealed executive function impairments, cognitive impulsivity, and borderline intellectual functioning.