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Factors Controlling the Microflora of the Skin
Published in Michael J. Hill, Philip D. Marsh, Human Microbial Ecology, 2020
Until relatively recently there was a belief that only one genus of coryneform (Corynebacterium) was present on human skin; this belief hampered attempts to devise taxonomic schemes for the coryneforms. We now know that representatives of the genera Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, and Propionibacterium are the major coryneforms with contributions from other genera which are at present hard to assess. Coryneforms are separated principally on the composition of their cell walls. Brevibacterium species possess meso-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) and galactose as the major sugar but lack characteristic lipids known as mycolic acids. Corynebacterium species also possess meso-DAP but in addition have an arabinogalactan and relatively small mycolic acids (Rhodococcus C24–36 is distinguished from Corynebacterium C24–30 chiefly by its slightly longer mycolic acids) while Propionibacterium species possess LL-DAP and glucose, lack mycolic acids, and are best grown under anaerobic conditions, despite being facultative aerobes.
Biogenic Amines in Plant Food
Published in Akula Ramakrishna, Victoria V. Roshchina, Neurotransmitters in Plants, 2018
Kamil Ekici, Abdullah Khalid Omer
The results of the tests on cheese showed that some bacteria that grows on the surface of Munster cheeses degrades histamine. During a 4-week maturing process, strains of Brevibacterium linens reduced the histamine and tyramine contents in the course of deamination by 55%–70% (Leuschner and Hammes, 1998).
Distribution and Biological Functions of Pyruvate Carboxylase in Nature
Published in D. B. Keech, J. C. Wallace, Pyruvate Carboxylase, 2018
It was at first thought902 that the occurrence of either pyruvate carboxylase or PEP carboxylase was mutually exclusive of the other. However, these two enzymes have now been reported in Azotobacter vinelandii;502,758Pseudomonas fluorescens,404Ps. citronellolis,612Brevibacterium lacto term en turn,885Thiobacillus novellus,542 and some of the Chromatiaceae.719,999 Among the Chromatiaceae, Sahl and Truper719 found considerable variation between species as to whether both pyruvate carboxylase and PEP carboxylase occurred together and in the way their activities were affected by the growth conditions.
Changes in the fecal bacterial microbiota associated with disease severity in alcoholic hepatitis patients
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Sonja Lang, Bradley Fairfied, Bei Gao, Yi Duan, Xinlian Zhang, Derrick E. Fouts, Bernd Schnabl
Llopis et al. used a histologic scoring system (alcoholic hepatitis score) to determine alcoholic hepatitis severity and also identified an expansion of Streptococci, as well as Bifidobacteria, and Enterobacteria in patients with severe disease. Streptococci and Enterobacteria were both positively correlated with the alcoholic hepatitis score, and Enterobacteria was also positively correlated with serum bilirubin level.7 Lastly, Puri et al. examined the circulating microbiome in patients with alcoholic hepatitis with severity determined by MELD greater than 20. They noted an expansion of Brevibacterium and Staphylococcus in the circulating microbiome of alcoholic hepatitis patients with severe disease compared to moderate disease. Regression analysis including all alcohol-consuming patients found a negative correlation between MELD score and Janthinobacterium and Enhydrobacter, two genera of the Proteobacteria phylum.18 We did not see these associations in our analyses, though it is important to note that the study by Puri et al. uses 16S rRNA gene sequencing from whole blood samples.
Preclinical developments of enzyme-loaded red blood cells
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Luigia Rossi, Francesca Pierigè, Alessandro Bregalda, Mauro Magnani
However, it is noteworthy that MGL from P. putida, a parasitic and potentially pathogenic microorganism, possesses the ability to partially catabolize L-cysteine [46]; hence, it would be desirable to carry on preclinical studies where a MGL from safer origin than P. putida and with a different specificity can be loaded inside RBCs to preserve cysteine plasma levels. MGL-BL929 from Brevibacterium aurantiacum [47], a safe microorganism abundantly present in food, could be a possible candidate to this extend.
The impact of medicinal brines on microbial biofilm formation on inhalation equipment surfaces
Published in Biofouling, 2018
Natalia Jarząb, Maciej Walczak, Dariusz Smoliński, Alina Sionkowska
In the presence of contaminated medicinal brine, biofilm formation by B. faecium (A = 0) was not observed. In the samples enriched with yeast extract, a biofilm was not formed by the strains of B. faecium (A = 0). The greatest amount of biofilm was formed by the strain of Brevibacterium casei (A = 0.4). The introduction of additional organic substances into the brine resulted in increased biofilm formation (Figure 2).