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The Aedes Fauna: Different Aedes Species Inhabiting the Earth
Published in Jagriti Narang, Manika Khanuja, Small Bite, Big Threat, 2020
Annette Angel, Bennet Angel, Neelam Yadav, Jagriti Narang, Surender Singh Yadav, Vinod Joshi
Nad4 gene was used for identification of the species in Germany and Liguria (Pfitzner et al., 2018; Ballardini et al., 2019). A total of 62 proteins are enlisted in the NCBI database that includes COX 1 subunit, NAD 4, and β tubulin. Microbiota present in Aedes koreicus has been demonstrated by Alfano and his team (2019) using 16srRNA for characterizing purposes. V3 and V4 regions of the 16s rDNA was used for sequencing of microbiota. The results showed presence of Proteobacteria species in the observed adults (84%) and larvae (66%), specifically Gammaproteobacteria followed by Bacteroidetesand Actinobacteria in the water, larvae, and pupae collected and Alphaproteobacteria in the adult forms collected. Firmicutes were also observed in all, except water samples. Pseudomonas, Gilliamella, Dyella and Pantoea, and Enterobacteriacea family were also seen in adults. When the trend of microbial fauna in the water samples and the larval and adult forms were compared, it was seen that only 10% of those found in water reached the larval gut and established themselves there, and as the life cycle continued, only few microbial fauna were able to invade the pupal and then the adult system (Alfani et al., 2019).
Identification of clinical specimens isolated from neonates
Published in Elida Zairina, Junaidi Khotib, Chrismawan Ardianto, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman, Charles D. Sands, Timothy E. Welty, Unity in Diversity and the Standardisation of Clinical Pharmacy Services, 2017
M. Djunaedi, S.A.S. Sulaiman, A. Sarriff, N.B.A. Aziz, Habsah
The common Gram-negative bacteria isolated in 2003 and 2004 included Enterobacter sp. (26% and 5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (23% and 47%), Acinetobacter sp. (14% and 12%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13% and 13%), and Escherichia coli (8% and 6%, respectively). The other Gram-negative bacteria are Citrobacter sp., Burkholderia pseudomallei, Serratia rubidaea, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Pseudomonas putida, Serratia marcescens, Pantoea (Enterobacter) agglomerans, Comamonas testosteroni, Stenotrophomonas (Xantho) maltophilia, Pantoea sp., Proteus vulgaris, Burkholderia (Pseudo.) cepacia, Salmonella sp., Serratia ficaria, Escherichia vulneris, Serratia liquefaciens, enteropathogenic bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii (anitratus), Alcaligenes xylosoxidans ss. xyloso, and Acinetobacter lwoffii.
Tigecycline
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Tetracycline-resistant Enterobacteriaceae show a modest reduction in susceptibility to tigecycline, with a reported maximum MIC90 of 4 mg/l. This appears to be species-related: up to twofold reductions for E. coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Pantoea agglomerans, and up to fourfold reductions for Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., and Citrobacter spp. (Fritsche et al., 2005c). Other resistance mechanisms have no influence on the MIC values, including the resistance mechanisms for E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., and Serratia marcescens with and without ESBLs (Bouchillon et al., 2005; Fritsche et al., 2005c), AmpC hyperproducers (Bouchillon et al., 2005), carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, serine- and metallo-beta-lactamase (MbetaL)–producing strains (KPC-2 or -3, VIM-1, IMP-1, SME-2, and NMC-A) (Castanheira et al., 2008), fluoroquinolone resistance, fluoroquinolone/ampicillin resistance phenotype, fluoroquinolone/trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole resistance phenotype, and for isolates with multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes (Zhanel et al., 2006).
Tolerance to disinfectants (chlorhexidine and isopropanol) and its association with antibiotic resistance in clinically-related Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2021
Jasmine Morante, Antonio M. Quispe, Barbara Ymaña, Jeel Moya-Salazar, Néstor Luque, Gabriela Soza, María Ramos Chirinos, Maria J Pons
We found a significant association between TMP/SMX resistance and higher levels of CHG MIC values. This association has been described in bacterial species such as Pantoea spp. and Salmonella spp., but to our knowledge, not in K. pneumoniae [17]. In addition, the present data demonstrate that other antibiotics have shown this association. Thus, the presence of carbapenemases is directly associated with higher CHG MIC values, and the resistance to levofloxacin has a negative association since higher CHG MIC values are related to the presence of strains susceptible to levofloxacin. Our results correlate with a previous study performed in China that suggested decreased sensitivity against commonly used disinfectants, including CHG, in carbapenem-resistant strains. Furthermore, Chen et al.[18] reported the presence of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae with decreased susceptibility to CHG (MIC 32 µg/ml, which is the limit of the ecological cutoff of 64 µg/ml). It is important to mention that only six phylogenetically related strains were included in the study and all carbapenemases that were found were blaNDM [19]. Our data showed a negative association between fluoroquinolones and CHG resistance, while a positive association has been previously described in Pseudomonas aeruginosa [19]. Thus, in vitro exposure to CHG has been related to the selection of quinolone-resistant P. aeruginosa due to over-expression of the efflux pumps MexAB-OprM, MexCD-OprJ, and MexXY-OprM [20], none of which are related to K. pneumoniae.
The effect of levofloxacin on the lung microbiota of laboratory rats
Published in Experimental Lung Research, 2019
Sade M. B. Finn, Uwe Scheuermann, Zoie E. Holzknecht, Qimeng Gao, Mohamed M. Ibrahim, William Parker, Joshua a. Granek, Shu S. Lin, Erin a. McKenney, Andrew S. Barbas
In our study, levofloxacin treatment lead to a selection of the bacterial genus Pantoea. Pantoea are a highly diverse group of gram-negative bacteria in the Enterobacteriacea family. In animals and in humans, Pantoea are commensal, opportunistic organisms detected in wound infections, infected urinary tracts, and patients with sepsis and meningitis.45,46 Little is known regarding antibiotic resistance, pathogenicity and virulence of bacteria of the Pantoea genus. The best described species of this genus is Pantoea agglomerans. In a study by Mardaneh et al.,47Pantoea agglomerans isolated from powdered infant formula milk were susceptible to levofloxacin, but about half of isolates were resistant to the antibiotics cefotaxime, moxifloxacin, cotrimoxazole, and ticarcillin. Moreover, multidrug resistant Pantoea agglomerans species have been described in a case report.48 Studies in animals showed that extracts of Pantoea agglomerans can lead to lung inflammation and fibrosis.49 However, there was no evidence of respiratory infection or inflammation in our (healthy, immune competent) animals after four days of levofloxacin treatment.
Pantoe Agglomerans Endophthalmitis after Phaco Surgery: The First Case in Literature
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2020
Ozge Begum Comba, Seren Pehlivanoglu, Zerrin Bayraktar, Sinan Albayrak, Muharrem Karakaya
Pantoea agglomerans (formerly Enterobacter agglomerans) is a gram-negative aerobic bacillus of the species Enterobacteriaceae. Some types of the genus Pantoea can be found in plants, which can be an infectious agent in humans and a cause of opportunistic human infections, generally through penetrating trauma with plant material, or as a hospital-acquired infection, mostly in immunosuppressed patients.3 P. Agglomerans causes infections such as synovitis, arthritis, ostitis, peritonitis, cholelithiasis in human. It also has pulmonary affinity that can be life-threatening in children.4