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Viral Infections
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Flat warts can vary in color from pink to brown and are flat-topped papules (Figure 7.9). They occur mainly as grouped or linear lesions around the mouth, forehead, hands, and shaved areas. Flat warts are seen most commonly in young adults and children. Autoinoculation is often seen through shaving.
Infectious Skin Diseases
Published in Aimilios Lallas, Zoe Apalla, Elizabeth Lazaridou, Dimitrios Ioannides, Theodosia Gkentsidi, Christina Fotiadou, Theocharis-Nektarios Kirtsios, Eirini Kyrmanidou, Konstantinos Lallas, Chryssoula Papageorgiou, Dermatoscopy A–Z, 2019
Aimilios Lallas, Zoe Apalla, Elizabeth Lazaridou, Dimitrios Ioannides, Theodosia Gkentsidi, Christina Fotiadou, Theocharis-Nektarios Kirtsios, Eirini Kyrmanidou, Konstantinos Lallas, Chryssoula Papageorgiou
Common, plane, and palmoplantar warts are caused by certain types of HPV that inoculate, via small erosions or traumas, in our skin, during direct or indirect contact with the virus. After a long incubation period that ranges from a few weeks to several months, the patient develops the first clinically visible lesions. Autoinoculation is also frequent, causing local spread of lesions. About 65% of the warts may spontaneously resolve without any treatment, within the first 2 years of infection, without scarring.
Infectious diseases
Published in Giuseppe Micali, Francesco Lacarrubba, Dermatoscopy in Clinical Practice, 2018
Clinically, MC presents as an eruption of multiple papules. The morphology of an individual lesion is a dome-shaped, flesh colored, or pearly papule with an umbilicated center (Figures 10.1 –10.2). Lesions vary in size from 1–10 mm, although occasionally giant lesions are seen. The papules may be atypical in size, shape, and color, and signs of inflammation may occur spontaneously or after trauma. The lesions are often grouped in small areas but also may become widely disseminated. Any cutaneous surface may be involved, but favored sites include the axillae, the antecubital and popliteal fossae, and the crural folds in children. Autoinoculation is common. MC in adults affects the groin, genital area, thighs, and lower abdomen and is often acquired with sexual intercourse. Histologically, MC exhibits epidermal hyperplasia producing a crater filled with huge (up to 35 microns) eosinophilic to basophilic intracytoplasmatic inclusions that are called molluscum bodies or Henderson-Patterson bodies. MC is a self-limited disease, which if left untreated will eventually resolve in immunocompetent hosts but may persist in atopic and immunocompromised individuals.1–5
Chlamydia trachomatis vaccine development – a view on the current challenges and how to move forward
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2022
Álvaro H. Borges, Frank Follmann, Jes Dietrich
The occurrence of rectal C. trachomatis infections irrespective of sexual practices and C. trachomatis persistence in the gastrointestinal tract have important implications for vaccine development and control program [6,35,39,41,42]. First, immune mechanisms for C. trachomatis clearance, infection and disease may be different in the urogenital and gastrointestinal tracts; understanding these differences would be important for the development of vaccines effective against C. trachomatis serovars infecting multiple body sites. Second, with persistent C. trachomatis infections in the gastrointestinal tract, there may be a theoretical risk for auto-inoculation in women after a urogenital C. trachomatis infection has been cleared by immune responses or antibiotic therapy [35]. Third, rectal testing for C. trachomatis infection should be incorporated in the design of efficacy vaccine trials and control program together with urogenital testing independently of reported sexual practices.
Intralesional immunotherapy for the treatment of anogenital warts in pediatric population
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
The incidence of anogenital warts is increasing, both in children and adults (1). That increase was associated with an expanding awareness of the diagnosis of anogenital warts, besides the increased development and investment in the vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) (2). The epidemiology of anogenital warts in the pediatric population isn't accurately identified. Generally, girls are more frequently affected than boys, at a ratio of 3:1.7 (3). In prepubertal boys, the perianal region is the most frequently affected site by anogenital warts, while the perianal and vulvar regions are the most predilected sites in girls (4). Different routes of transmission are involved in pediatric anogenital warts including perinatal transmission, auto-inoculation from non-genital warts in the child, and hetero-inoculation form parents or caregivers. However, sexual abuse stills the major concern especially in children older than 4 years old (5).
Orbital cysticercosis: clinical features and management outcomes
Published in Orbit, 2021
Shebin Salim, Md Shahid Alam, Varsha Backiavathy, Nirav Dilip Raichura, Bipasha Mukherjee
Cysticercosis is a parasitic infestation caused by Cysticercus cellulosae; which is the larval form of Taenia solium. Human infection is caused by drinking contaminated water, eating uncooked vegetables infested with parasitic eggs, and by autoinoculation.1,2 Neurocysticercosis is the most common systemic manifestation.1 Intraocular cysticercosis especially involving the posterior segment is more common in western countries, while the orbital and adnexal form is more prevalent in the Indian subcontinent and it can occur in 13% to 46% of infected patients.3–5 Advances in the imaging modalities have made the diagnosis of orbital and adnexal cysticercosis easier and more accurate.6 The last study, one with a study population of more than 50 patients was published 10 years ago by Rath et al., and there is no recent study.7 There is also a lack of studies with an objective assessment of the management outcomes. We herewith present the clinical manifestations, radiological features, and treatment of a large case series of orbital cysticercosis presenting at a tertiary eye care center over 10 years with an objective analysis of the management outcome. The present study can provide further insight into the disease process and advances in the management over the past decade.