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When is a Stem Cell Really a Stem Cell?
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
A number of challenges remain before the promise of stem cell therapy can be translated into application. First and foremost, the political and ethical conflicts that surround the use of human embryonic and fetal tissue for medical applications must be resolved. The concept that stem cells derived from adult tissues will substitute for those obtained from fetal or embryonic sources is simply too premature to be used as a basis for legislation and regulation. While the combination of gene therapy with stem cell therapy has proven to be effective for certain diseases, methods of gene delivery must be improved to prevent unpredictable adverse events. Animal models must be refined to allow comprehensive analysis of potential risks and benefits prior to clinical application. These and other barriers stand before us, marking the path toward new applications in clinical medicine.
Big promise, big business
Published in Christine Hauskeller, Arne Manzeschke, Anja Pichl, The Matrix of Stem Cell Research, 2019
Claire Tanner, Alan Petersen, Casimir MacGregor, Megan Munsie
For X-Cell, like many other SCT businesses operating around the globe, online direct-to-consumer marketing was used to attract international patients over the course of the clinic’s operation from 2007 to 2011. In 2007 the front page of the Center’s website read (with the facility of translation into three languages: German, English, and Dutch): Are you suffering from a serious condition that has failed to respond to conventional treatment? Your chance: Stem cells from your own body (autologous stem cells) X-Cell Center is the first privately owned center in Europe specializing in using adult stem cells for the purposes of regenerative medicine. By using adult stem cells, which are taken from the patient’s own body, prepared, and then re-injected, our specialists are aiming at treating severe diseases. Stem cell therapy is promising for patients who are suffering from diseases for which standard medical treatment has no cure as yet. We apply the highest technological and medical standards in the world.(X-Cell Center, 2007)
Metabolic Therapies for Muscle Injury
Published in Kohlstadt Ingrid, Cintron Kenneth, Metabolic Therapies in Orthopedics, Second Edition, 2018
Ana V. Cintrón, Kenneth Cintron
Pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have the capacity to differentiate into diverse mesodermal lineages, including muscle, bone, tendon and ligament, acting to modulate the body’s response to injury, facilitating replacement with healthy tissue by way of environmental modification or direct differentiation into local components [75]. Stem cell therapy involves re-implanting autologously and allogenically, with the advantage of avoiding the triggering of an immune response, and therefore having a key role in tissue healing and immunomodulation [76]. However, research and treatment of musculoskeletal conditions with MSC has been focused mainly on tendon, ligament and cartilage injuries, and is still limited in its evidence-based support [69].
Feasibility of minimally invasive, same-day injection of autologous adipose-derived stem cells in the treatment of erectile dysfunction
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2023
Mikkel Fode, Naomi Nadler, Lars Lund, Nessn Azawi
Stem cells are defined as cells with the ability to self-renew and to differentiate into different specialized cell lines depending on their environment. Stem cell therapy seeks to take advantage of this ability by injecting the cells into damaged tissues in the hope of subsequent differentiation and tissue regeneration [4]. In relation to ED, preclinical studies have suggested that different kinds of mesenchymal stem cells may differentiate into endothelial and smooth muscle cells when injected into the corpora cavernosae [5,6]. Further, mesenchymal stem cells have also been found to induce regeneration of endothelium, smooth muscle, blood vessels, and damaged nerves by means of paracrine action or delivery of growth factors [7,8,9]. Subsequently, the safety and a potential effect of the treatment has been indicated in clinical pilot studies. However, even though the first such study was published more than 10 years ago, high-quality trials are still lacking [10]. Important obstacles for the application of the treatment modality include the need for donors and the risk of tissue reactions with allogeneic cells and invasiveness of the approach with most autologous preparations requiring cell harvest under full and/or preparation of cell cultures over several weeks. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate feasibility and safety of a minimally invasive same-day method of autologous adipose derived stem cell (ADSC) transplantation in men suffering from organic ED using a commercial kit named myStem® X2 (MYSTEM LLC, Wilmington, Delaware, United States).
Polysaccharide-based hydrogels for drug delivery and wound management: a review
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Dhruv Sanjanwala, Vaishali Londhe, Rashmi Trivedi, Smita Bonde, Sujata Sawarkar, Vinita Kale, Vandana Patravale
Stem cell therapy, another type of cellular therapy, uses stem cells to treat and prevent various diseases and disorders. Biomimetic systems that can imitate native body tissues, like hydrogels, are the most suitable for the delivery of stem cells. For example, in the case of critical limb ischemia, a condition caused by severe occlusion of arteries in the limbs resulting in a significant reduction in blood supply to the extremities, pro-angiogenic stem cells have been explored as a new treatment modality. In a study by Wang and coworkers, HA/chitosan composite hydrogels with immobilized C domain peptide of the insulin-like growth factor 1 were explored as carriers for adipose derived stromal cells (proangiogenic cells). The hydrogels improved the viability and proangiogenic activity of the cells. Upon injection into murine models of ischemic hind limbs, the cell-laden hydrogels significantly improved blood perfusion and muscle regeneration, thereby saving the limb function [290]. Similarly, Zhang et al. fabricated nitric oxide (NO) releasing chitosan hydrogels loaded with human placenta derived mesenchymal cells for the treatment of hindlimb ischemia. The implantation of the hydrogel ameliorated the recovery of the functions of the hindlimbs with significant enhancement neovascularization [291].
Therapeutic Effects against Tissue Necrosis of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Combined with Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Random-Pattern Skin Flap Rat Models
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Chang Sik Pak, Soo Young Moon, Young Eun Lee, Hyo Jin Kang
Preventing tissue necrosis and apoptosis is important for improving outcomes when using skin flaps. To improve outcomes in cases of ischemia–reperfusion injury, previous investigators evaluated the effects, mechanisms, and methods of IPC because it is inexpensive, easily applicable, and safe. rIPC strategies are widely used due to their noninvasive nature and the greater ischemic tolerance of skeletal tissue compared with other vital organs of the body [13, 26]. Also, rIPC can be performed on distant organs resistant to ischemia, thus protecting important organs that are sensitive to ischemia [27]. We used three cycles of 5-min occlusion/5-min reperfusion because it has been shown to be effective with relatively few repetitions and relatively short occlusion/reperfusion times. We selected 3 × 9 cm modified McFarlane flap to evaluate rIPC and hADSCs. The McFarlane flap was to create a flap with predictable necrosis patterns to provide a scientific basis via preserving the caudal base of the flap to supply blood flow. The modifications of McFarlane flap are technically simple and therefore can be easily reproduced. The distal end of the MC Farlane flap can typically become necrosis. Therefore, it is advantageous to evaluate the effectiveness of drugs or stem cell therapy. In the present study, we showed that rIPC, combined with hADSCs, improved the viability of skin flaps and induced neovascularization.