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Lifestyle Influences on the Microbiome
Published in David Perlmutter, The Microbiome and the Brain, 2019
Sulfur-reducing bacteria (SRB) consume hydrogen in the generation of H2S, an autacoid with both pro-27,28 and anti-inflammatory29 signaling attributes. Like Archea, SRB are found in about half of human stool specimens30 and attach directly to colonic mucosa.30 Although sulfate-reducing activity is found in many phyla, the dominant SRB in the human colon are members of the genus Desulfovibrio in the phylum Proteobacteria.31 Dietary sulfur is found in ingested protein and in sulfate and sulfite preservatives added to a variety of foods, like bread, preserved meat, dried fruit, and wine. Sulfate is also present in the common food additive carrageenan. Even without food, sulfur is present in sulfated glycans present in host-derived colonic mucus. Unlike Archaea, which through their syntrophism with Ruminococcus grow well in a carbohydrate-rich environment, Desulfovibrio piger, is syntrophic with Bacteroides species like B. thetaiotamicron and thrives when animals are fed a diet high in sugar and fat and low in complex polysaccharides.32 When the diet lacks complex polysaccharides, Bacteroides-derived sulfatases liberate sulfates from mucosal glycans,33 helping D. piger fill its appetite for sulfur.
Physiology of Moss-Bacterial Associations
Published in R. N. Chopra, Satish C. Bhatla, Bryophyte Development: Physiology and Biochemistry, 2019
Luretta D. Spiess, Barbara B. Lippincott, James A. Lippincott
An apparent mutualistic relationship exists between the alga Beggitoa and rice plants. Sulfides released by Desulfovibrio spp. that are toxic to rice plants are decomposed by the alga, and peroxides produced by the alga, which might be hazardous to their growth, are in turn decomposed by the rice root catalase.41
Microorganisms, Plants, and Lower Animals
Published in Stephen P. Coburn, The Chemistry and Metabolism of 4′-Deoxypyridoxine, 2018
Lanigan and Anderson265 found that Desulfovibrio desulfuricans was inhibited only 15 to 37% by 4′-deoxypyridoxine concentrations up to 500 gg/ml but was inhibited over 99% by concentrations of 550 gg or more per milliliter. They attributed this effect primarily to transaminase inhibition. However, they presented no data to support this assumption and were apparently unaware of the many other enzymes which might be affected by deoxypyridoxine.
Sinisan ameliorates colonic injury induced by water immersion restraint stress by enhancing intestinal barrier function and the gut microbiota structure
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Xiaoying Xu, Huimei Hu, Haizhou Zeng, Boyi Li, Qiuxiong Yin, Yupeng Jiang, Linquan Zang, Changlin Zhao, Guoqiang Qian
Moreover, we discovered that WIRS decreased the abundances of norank_f_Muribaculaceae, norank_f_ norank_o_Clostridia_UCG-014, and Desulfovibrio and increased the abundances of Helicobacter and Roseburia (Figure 5(D)) at the genus level. The increase in norank_f_Muribaculaceae and norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_UCG-014 abundances was beneficial to UC mice. Norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_UCG-014 promotes advantageous bacteria, inhibits harmful intestinal, and increases nutritional absorption, digestion, and assimilation (Y. Liu et al. 2021; Wang et al. 2021). As shown in Figure 7, there was a negative correlation between norank_f__norank_o__Clostridia_UCG-014 abundance and TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ levels. Desulfovibrio spp. is gram-negative bacteria, most of whose members are lipopolysaccharide (LPS) producers, disrupting the intestinal barrier (Zhang et al. 2018). Desulfovibrio was widely distributed in the control group, but it was less in the WIRS group, according to LEfSe analysis (Figure 6). A negative correlation between Desulfovibrio abundance and the level of IFN-γ (Figure 7A), suggesting that Desulfovibrio may play a beneficial role. Roseburia has an anti-DSS-induced colitis effect (Wu et al. 2020). However, our study showed a positive association between Roseburia abundance and IL-6 levels.
Gut microbiota associations with metabolic syndrome and relevance of its study in pediatric subjects
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Ana K. Carrizales-Sánchez, Tomás García-Cayuela, Carmen Hernández-Brenes, Carolina Senés-Guerrero
Sulfate-reducing bacteria also use H2 to produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Desulfovibrio spp. is the most highly active species and greatest affinity bacteria for H2. Since both sulfate‐reducing bacteria and methanogens from the gut compete for the same pool of H2, the availability of sulfate for H2S production is the bottleneck for this preference.65,67Desulfovibrio piger has been associated with abundance of Collinsella aerofaciens, an Actinobacterium that conducts sugar fermentation removing H2, lactate, and formate. This is relevant since C. aerofaciens has been linked with BA metabolism, the regulation of blood cholesterol, the production of SCFAs, and gut homeostasis.72,73 However, production of H2S in the gastrointestinal tract seem to also be related in arterial blood pressure homeostasis and provide cardioprotective effects, but mechanisms are still unclear.72 Of note, a higher concentration of H2S seems to be relevant for liver and adipose tissue since it has been shown to promote the regulation of insulin sensitivity, stimulate hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, inhibit glucose and glycogen storage usage, and regulate lipolysis, inflammation, and adipokine production.74
Bioactive small molecules produced by the human gut microbiome modulate Vibrio cholerae sessile and planktonic lifestyles
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Heidi Pauer, Felipe Lopes Teixeira, Avery V. Robinson, Thiago E. Parente, Marília A. F. De Melo, Leandro A. Lobo, Regina M. C. P. Domingues, Emma Allen-Vercoe, Rosana B. R. Ferreira, Luis Caetano M. Antunes
Transcriptome analyses revealed a pleiotropic effect of small molecules from human feces on V. cholerae gene expression, with almost 25% of the genome being differentially expressed in the presence of the fecal extract. Although the fecal metabolome is rich in chemical diversity, the magnitude of this effect on V. cholerae was unexpected, given that our similar study using S. enterica revealed differential expression of approximately 5% of the genome.11 RNAseq results demonstrated an activation of the sulfate assimilation pathway in the presence of the fecal extract. Small-scale reduction of sulfate by this route is used by several organisms, not just those classified as sulfate reducers, being important for the synthesis of sulfur-containing biomolecules.50 In a study by Sigalevich et al., it was observed that the transition from anaerobic to aerobic conditions affects the rate of sulfate reduction in Desulfovibrio oxyclinae.51 Although V. cholerae is not a sulfate-reducing microorganism, we observed a significant increase in the expression of genes related to the assimilation of sulfate in the presence of the fecal extract. As this occurred during growth in an atmosphere rich in oxygen and under agitation, we hypothesize that some metabolites present in the extract may induce the activation of a pathway normally associated with an anaerobic environment, as the one seen in the gut.