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Autoimmune Disease
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Nanette Morales, Jessica Landry, Christy McDonald Lenahan, Janine Santora
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an AD that attacks the immune system on the intestinal lining of the bowel, inflicting pain, urgent bowel movements, diarrhea, and weight loss (Richard-Eaglin & Smallheer, 2018). IBD is chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract. Both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are types of IBD. An individual diagnosed with IBD is at increased risk of developing cancer.
Companion Animals Models of Human Disease
Published in Rebecca A. Krimins, Learning from Disease in Pets, 2020
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disorder with many different putative influences mediating disease onset, severity, progression, and diminution. Spontaneous natural IBD is classically expressed as Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) commonly found in primates; lymphoplasmacytic enteritis, eosinophilic gastritis and colitis, and ulcerative colitis with neuronal hyperplasia in dogs; and colitis in horses. Spontaneous inflammatory bowel disease has been noted in a number of rodent models which differ in genetic strain background, induced mutation, microbiota influences, and immunopathogenic pathways. Histological lesions in Crohn’s disease feature non-caseating granulomatous inflammation, while UC lesions typically exhibit ulceration, lamina propria inflammatory infiltrates, and lack of granuloma development. Intestinal inflammation caused by CD and UC is also associated with increased incidence of intestinal neoplasia(89–91).
Glycogenosis type I – von Gierke disease
Published in William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop, Atlas of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 2020
William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop
Patients with glycogen storage disease type Ib [4] have the same type I clinical phenotype but, in addition, they have neutropenia and impaired neutrophil function (see Table 58.1) [58]. As a consequence, they have recurrent bacterial infections, inflammatory bowel disease, and ulceration of oral and intestinal mucosa [59–63]. Fecal α-1 antitrypsin is increased. Biopsy of the colon reveals inflammation [23]. Among 288 patients with type I glycogenosis, 57 had type Ib [62]. Neutropenia was found in 54. It is often documented in the first year of life, but may be noted first between six and nine years. It may be persistent but, more commonly, it is intermittent. Among 18 patients with neutropenia in whom neutrophil function was studied, it was abnormal in all. Apoptotic neutrophils were documented by increased activity of caspase, condensed nuclei, and perinuclear clusters of mitochondria in this disease, but not in other neutropenic disorders, such as Shwachman Diamond syndrome [64]. Perioral infections occurred in 37 patients, perianal infections in 27, and protracted diarrhea in 23. Inflammatory bowel disease was documented by colonoscopy or roentgenographic examination. Inflammatory bowel disease was not observed in the absence of neutropenia. Two Japanese patients were reported with no evidence of neutropenia and no recurrent bacterial infections [63]; otherwise, symptoms were typical of type Ib glycogenosis and there were mutations on both alleles of the gene.
Application of Emerging Plant-Derived Nanoparticles as a Novel Approach for Nano-Drug Delivery Systems
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2022
Parisa Sarvarian, Parisa Samadi, Elham Gholipour, Karim Shams Asenjan, Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi, Roza Motavalli, Farhad Motavalli Khiavi, Mehdi Yousefi
Inflammatory process is a sign of chronic diseases such as autoimmune disorders and cancers (Q. Wang et al. 2015). Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). Ulcerative colitis is a disabling and chronic inflammatory disease. In the treatments of ulcerative colitis, most medications are reported to have side effects and non-specific activities on the immune system. Therefore, there is a need for drug delivery systems that could specifically deliver drugs to the inflammatory tissues with fewer side effects. Targeted nanoparticle-based drug carriers can remove these serious problems. It has been reported that artificial nanoparticles could reduce side effects and deliver particular drugs to cell types. However, due to the limitations of artificial nanoparticles, researchers have claimed nature-derived nanoparticles as affordable and nontoxic carriers away from these limitations (M. Zhang et al. 2016a). In previous studies, plant nanoparticles were used to treat inflammatory diseases.
Improving prediction of disease outcome for inflammatory bowel disease: progress through systems medicine
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2021
Federica Giachero, Andreas Jenke, Matthias Zilbauer
Inflammatory bowel diseases cover conditions with wide ranging phenotypes that affect individuals to a varying degree. In this review, we have summarized the current progress in the search for prognostic and predictive biomarkers and the potential role of systems medicine in this race. It has become clear that prognosis of disease behavior and long-term clinical outcomes as well as the prediction of the individual treatment response to a specific therapy in patients with IBD is still very challenging. The main reasons for this are the high genomic, epigenomic, and molecular inter-patient heterogeneity and the unresolved problem how to define disease outcome. Combined with a rapidly increasing repertoire of therapeutic options, systems medicine provides a very promising approach to address the urgent need for a personalized treatment in IBD.
Capturing biologic treatment for IBD in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and the Swedish National Patient Register – a validation study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2021
Gabriella Bröms, Jonas Söderling, Michael C. Sachs, Jonas Halfvarson, Par Myrelid, Jonas F. Ludvigsson, Åsa H. Everhov, Ola Olén
Biologic treatment has become a mainstay option in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The anti-tumor necrosis factor agents (anti-TNF); infliximab, adalimumab and golimumab, the anti-integrin vedolizumab, and the anti-interleukin 12/23 ustekinumab are increasingly used to treat Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) [1]. Since infliximab was approved for CD in Sweden in 1999, other biologic agents have followed and treatment indications have expanded (Supplementary Appendix Table 2). The increasing use of biologic agents is motivated primarily by evidence from randomized control trials (RCTs) [2–9]. In general, the generalizability of RCTs is limited by narrow eligibility criteria, which restrict the study population to certain ages and disease characteristics. Moreover, follow-up time is limited. Real-world evidence of effectiveness and long-term safety, as well as data applicable to a wider population, are needed to assess treatment in the clinical setting.