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Ulcerative Colitis
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
This disorder can occur in people of any age but begins most frequently between the ages of 15 and 30 or after age 60. Ulcerative colitis is more likely to develop in individuals who have a family member with IBD or are of Jewish descent. Relatively minor local complications that occur in the majority of patients include hemorrhoids, anal fissures, and perirectal abscesses. Toxic megacolon and colorectal cancer are well-known major complications of long-standing chronic ulcerative colitis. Screening for colorectal cancer via colonoscopy should be accomplished eight years after the diagnosis is established and then every one to two years thereafter.1 There is no cure for ulcerative colitis so symptom management is the primary goal of treatment.
Botanicals and the Gut Microbiome
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
IBD, which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is based on several genetic factors—but not all with these predisposed genetic-based factors will develop the disease, and it is believed that the genes responsible for this disease may be assisted with a certain gut microbiota composition for full development (Bull and Plummer, 2015; Akiho et al., 2015; Lu et al., 2019). Ulcerative colitis is mainly characterized by inflammation and ulcers in the regions of the colon and rectum (Lu et al., 2019). In an animal model of IBD, it was shown that probiotics, especially that of Bifidobacteria, can influence the immune response of the host and cause the suppression of mucosal inflammation (O’Mahony et al., 2005). The improvement of IBD in animal models is, however, not directly associated with the same results in humans, and this may be due to the intricacies of the immune system functioning in humans (Sheil et al., 2007). This has led to an overall conclusion that probiotics are not recommended for the treatment of IBD (Prantera and Scribano, 2006).
Nutritional and Dietary Supplementation during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Ulcerative colitis, a chronic disease of unknown etiology, is associated with two life-threatening conditions: fulminant disease and adenocarcinoma of the colon. Ulcerative colitis therapy includes sulfasalazine (Azulfidine), glucocorticoids, azathioprine, and mercaptopurine. Sulfasalazine is comprised of sulfapyridine and aminosalicylic acid, and usually used for mild or moderate disease (Hanauer, 1996). Sulfapyridine, a sulfanilamide, crosses the placenta (Azad and Truelove, 1979) and theoretically could cause hyperbilirubinemia or kernicterus. However, no published cases of these theoretical complications are available. According to sulfapyridine’s package insert, usual initial treatment dose is 0.5–1 g orally q.i.d. for active disease; for asymptomatic maintenance, doses are usually lower.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals the regulatory mechanism underlying the indirubin-mediated amelioration of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Zhe Liu, Jin-ru Zhang, Yong-xiang Huang, Xue-ying Li, Hai-peng Zhu, Rui-yi Yang, Song Chen
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a lifelong immune disorder that presents as chronic remitting and relapsing colon inflammation and is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (Conrad et al. 2014). The prevalence rates of UC in Asia, Europe, and North America are 1.2–57.3, 14.5–505.0, and 139.8–286.3 per 100,000 individuals, respectively (Ng et al. 2017). Ulcerative colitis pathogenesis involves abnormal gut microbiota, immune response dysregulation, environmental changes, and gene variants. However, the complete understanding of UC pathogenesis is still lacking. Conventional UC treatments, including aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants, only induce and maintain remission and often elicit adverse effects (Burri et al. 2020). Therefore, effective and affordable medications targeting the innovative mechanisms are urgently required.
Tryptophan metabolites modulate inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer by affecting immune system
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2022
Colorectal cancer is a major and life-threatening complication of IBD, however, all colorectal cancers are not associated with IBD [133]. Gausman et al. revealed that the prevalence of IBD is significantly higher among patients with early onset colorectal cancer (3%), compared with healthy controls (0.4%) [133] and patients with early onset colorectal cancer are more likely to have IBD (OR, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.16–6.63) [133]. In addition, it was shown that patients with Crohn’s disease are at higher risk of colorectal cancer [134]. Also, higher mortality was observed among patients with colorectal cancer who were complicated with Crohn’s disease than who were not complicated with Crohn’s disease [134]. Patients with ulcerative colitis are also at higher risk of colorectal cancer. The meta-analysis of several studies revealed that the risk of colorectal cancer markedly increases by prolongation of the course of ulcerative colitis (0.02% (95% CI 0.00–0.04) after 10 years, 4.81% (3.26–6.36) after 20 years, and 13.91% (7.09–20.72) after 30 years) [135]. Regarding the increased risk of colorectal cancer in long-lasting IBD, surveillance colonoscopy is recommended in IBD patients [136]. Herein, this review discusses the effect of kynurenine pathway on colorectal cancer, as a major complication of IBD.
Protective effect of sarsasapogenin in TNBS induced ulcerative colitis in rats associated with downregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2021
Deepa S. Mandlik, Satish K. Mandlik, Snehal Patel
Ulcerative colitis is a colon inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent inflammation and ulcer development. UC is diagnosed in about ten people out of every 100,000 people each year. Even though the pathological mechanism of UC is still unknown, mounting evidence suggests that several factors play a role in the onset of human colitis, including genetics, neutrophil accumulation, environmental factors and enhanced release of pro-inflammatory mediators [41]. In the colon, abnormal immune responses can be seen, with different immune cells and cytokines [42]. Immune modulators, as well as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like sulphasalazine and glucocorticosteroids, have long been used to treat UC [43]. Moreover, side effects such as generalized edema, vomiting, toxicity and anemia may occur as a result of these treatments. As a result, several natural compounds found in traditional herbs are becoming increasingly popular. These anti-inflammatory phytoconstituents can be used to treat chronic inflammatory disease condition [44].