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Review of Chemosensation for Weight Loss
Published in Alan R. Hirsch, Nutrition and Sensation, 2023
Use of the anesthetic benzocaine, 1/15gram, in the form of a gum, to be chewed before meals and whenever hungry, as an inhibitor to taste, was described over one-half a century ago (Plotz 1958). Of 50 overweight or obese patients, (12–102 pounds excess weight), over a ten-week period, 90% (45) lost “satisfactory” weight. Average weight loss was 2.3 pounds per week for the first 1/3 and 1.8 pounds per week for the remaining time. Of 35 patients on a control commercial chewing gum, only18% (6) lost “satisfactory” weight. While these results suggest the anesthetic has an impact, how much was due to the other sensory components of the gum remains unclear. (The gum was flavored with eugenol, oils of wintergreen, anise, peppermint, and cinnamon.) The 18% with weight loss in the commercial gum control arm is also worthy of consideration in light of the study by Hirsch (Hirsch, Soto, and Hirsch 2011) discussed later.
Physical Activity and the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer
Published in James M. Rippe, Increasing Physical Activity, 2020
With regard to the cancer survivors, the American Cancer Society makes the following recommendations: Avoid inactivity and return to normal daily activities as soon as possible following diagnosis.Aim to exercise at least 150 minutes per week.Include strength training exercises at least two days per week.Achieve and maintain a healthy body weight by eliminating consumption of high calorie foods and beverages and increasing physical activity to promote weight loss if necessary.A summary of recommendations from various organizations with regard to physical activity and cancer patients may be found in Table 4.1.
Obese Patient (BMI 32) with Reflux Disease and Diabetes Mellitus
Published in Savio George Barreto, Shailesh V. Shrikhande, Dilemmas in Abdominal Surgery, 2020
The four commonly performed bariatric operations around the world are the adjustable gastric band, sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and the one-anastomosis gastric bypass. In recent years, the adjustable gastric band has become less popular due to the increased incidence of late complications and need for subsequent explantation. The sleeve gastrectomy has now surpassed the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass as the most performed weight loss procedure around the world.
Use and perceived effectiveness of complementary medicines for weight loss in adult women
Published in South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2023
J Bussicott, R Patel, J Pellow, RK Razlog
Garcinia cambogia and its main active constituent, hydroxycitric acid, are a popular ingredient found in many CM weight-loss products and have been extensively studied in relation to weight control. Hydroxycitric acid influences weight loss through appetite suppression via serotonin level regulation and metabolic modifications that promote energy expenditure.26 A review article by Fassina et al.27 showed that, although the evidence is contradictory, various studies have produced positive findings of promoting weight loss by suppressing the appetite and enhancing lipogenesis, as well as lowering cholesterol and glucose levels. The results of these studies are difficult to compare as they are heterogeneous in their methodologies (i.e. population groups tested, dosages given and duration of treatment), therefore the exact amount of weight loss that can be expected to be achieved is difficult to quantify. While Garcinia cambogia supplements appear to be safe in the vast majority of these studies, adverse effects have been reported, with the most significant being the potential for hepatotoxicity.27Garcinia cambogia might interact with anti-diabetic drugs, antidepressants and CYP2B6 substrate drugs, including antimalarials, antivirals, analgesics, anticonvulsants and anti-tumour medications.28 Further investigations are therefore needed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this supplement for weight loss.
Actualized lower body contouring surgery after bariatric surgery – a nationwide register-based study
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2022
Susanna Pajula, Mika Gissler, Janne Jyränki, Erkki Tukiainen, Virve Koljonen
Bariatric surgery is currently considered the most, and probably the only effective long-term therapy for the management of severe obesity and reducing the risk of major complications of obesity-related co-morbidities [18]. The numbers of bariatric surgeries have increased dramatically over the past two decades [18]. The gastric bypass procedure and sleeve gastrectomy are the most performed bariatric procedure worldwide, because of greater weight loss and lower weight regain compared to purely restrictive interventions [19]. According to the literature, these procedures cover 45–85% of all bariatric procedures [13]. Biliopancreatic diversion/duodenal switch and another intestinal bypass operation yield only under 3% worldwide [13,19]. These operations are less common because of the increased risk of malabsorptive complications [19].
MT1-MMP – A potential drug target for the management of the obesity
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2022
Pallavi Asthana, Xuanming Guo, Hoi Leong Xavier Wong
Obesity is an emerging global health threat affecting all people irrespective of their age. It is predicted that one billion people will become obese by 2030, including 1 in 5 women and 1 in 7 men [1]. Obesity stems from the imbalance in energy homeostasis as a result of overnutrition and sedentary lifestyle, subsequently leading to life-threatening conditions, such as metabolic dysfunctions associated with Fatty Liver Disease, insulin resistance, Type 2 Diabetes, and cancer development. There are numerous nutrition programs, weight-loss meal plans and exercise paradigms prescribed by physicians for the continuous management of obesity. However, the efficacy of exercise and dietary changes in the obesity management is hampered by issues of patient compliance. The most effective way to tackle obesity is to reduce energy intake through the regulation of food consumption, but people living with obesity often encounter difficulties in controlling their appetites. Therefore, identifying a host factor that specifically controls body weight through regulation of satiety is crucial for the development of therapeutic approaches for obesity.