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Mitigation of Obesity: A Phytotherapeutic Approach
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
A.B. Sharangi, Suddhasuchi Das
More adiposity, as a consequence of excessive food intake coupled with absence of energy expenditure, leads to an imbalance in energy homeostasis (Aydin, 2014). Therefore, an efficient weight management demands the building of a negative energy balance by means of increasing energy expenditures. It can be possible by three ways viz., obligatory energy expenditure, physical activity and adaptive thermogenesis. Most anti-obesity products characteristically control body weight through raising mandatory energy expenditure. In the human body, brown adipose tissue is mainly responsible for transferring energy from food into heat. It plays a pivotal role in thermogenic effect through UCP-1 (also known as thermogenin). Thus, increasing energy expenditure to upregulate UCP-1 gene expression could be a prospective approach for achieving an anti-obesity effect (Kajimura and Saito, 2014).
Applications of Marine Biochemical Pathways to Develop Bioactive and Functional Products
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Toni-Ann Benjamin, Imran Ahmad, Muhammad Bilal Sadiq
Other studies involving adipose tissue include the use of stem cells. One such study studied the impact omega-3 fatty acids had on mediating cardio- protective effects using adipose-derived stem cells (Parshyna et al., 2017). The researchers found that DHA did not have a significant effect on cell viability, but adipose-derived stem cells could influence microvascular function in humans. However, omega-3 fatty acids are associated with a reversible tissue biomarker of breast cancer and could serve as an alternative treatment method for breast cancer (Hidaka et al., 2015).
Cancer Prevention and Treatment
Published in James M. Rippe, Manual of Lifestyle Medicine, 2021
The relationship between excess adipose tissue in obesity plays an important role in the linkage between obesity and cancer. Adipose tissue was once considered a storage depot of little metabolic import. However, it has now been conclusively shown that adipose tissue is intensely metabolic and participates in multiple physiologic functions which may impact on its relationship to cancer.
Arsenic: an emerging role in adipose tissue dysfunction and muscle toxicity
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Kaviyarasi Renu, Aditi Panda, Balachandar Vellingiri, Alex George, Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
Adipose tissue is subdivided into two types, such as white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). The distribution of the adipose tissue is mainly based on environmental factors and nutritional factors. In this, we have focused mainly on the storage of energy, communication by the endocrine, and sensitivity by insulin (Fantuzzi 2005, Frühbeck and Gómez-Ambrosi 2013, Choe et al.2016). Adipose tissue is mainly involved in the storage of fat, accumulation of energy excessively and releases it via lipogenesis [Triglyceride (TAG)] and lipolysis via [adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and monoglyceride lipase (MGL)]. The adipose tissue status is depending on the cellular composition changes, such as number, structure and site of deposit. Alteration of cell numbers of adipose (hyperplasia), size, and shape (hypertrophy) is the indication of the dysfunction of adipose tissue. Loss of fat or lipodystrophy is due to the attenuation of the number of adipocytes and the size of the adipocyte. These changes lead to the intolerance of glucose, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance (Choe et al.2016, Schoettl et al.2018, Henriques et al.2019, Recinella et al.2020). Adipose tissue acts as the main organ for the accumulation of arsenic. Augmented accumulation of arsenic in adipose tissue avert from differentiation of cells and mediates disproportion in the metabolism of fat, a function of mitochondria, and leads to obesity and diabetes (Bae et al.2019).
Toxic effects and molecular mechanism of doxorubicin on different organs – an update
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Kaviyarasi Renu, Lakshmi Prasanna Pureti, Balachandar Vellingiri, Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
Doxorubicin administration impairs glucose and lipid metabolism due to which the body homeostasis is disrupted (Biondo et al.2016, de Lima Junior et al.2016, Heart et al.2016). Adipose tissue is of two types. One is white adipose tissue, which is considered to be an energy reservoir, and brown adipose tissue acts as a thermal insulator and generates heat during cold conditions (Saely et al.2012). Adipose tissue is the main organ involved in the process of glucose uptake upon insulin stimuli. Doxorubicin exhibits dual nature, which means it shows differential gene expression at different concentrations (Arunachalam et al.2012). Doxorubicin administration is found to impair lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. Doxorubicin at a lower dosage has down-regulated the process of lipogenesis via 5’AMPK signaling (Biondo et al.2016). The process of glucose transport across the adipocytes was dysregulated, which may be due to insulin resistance (Renu et al.2019). The mechanism of doxorubicin-induced adipotoxicity upon different animal models is elucidated in Figure 5 and Table 1.
The Effect of Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells to Abdominal Wall Fascia Defects in Rats: An Experimental Study
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Elif Tuncay, Ozan Akinci, Asiye Perek, Esin Aktas Cetin, Nuray Kepil, Murat Toksoy, Nurdan Altan
Stem cells are capable of self-renewal and can differentiate into many types of cells and turn into mature differentiated cells. Adipose tissue offers a rich and accessible reserve of multipotent adult stem cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF), obtained through the enzymatic digestion of lipectomy material with collagenase, consists of mesenchymal stem cells. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs), originating from mesoblast cells, are multipotent and can differentiate into many types of cells, such as adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and myocytes [5]. A multipotent stem cell can be derived from various sources, such as bone marrow or umbilical cord blood. However, due to the difficulty in derivation and ethical concerns about multiple stem cells, accessing AD-MSCs is an easier, more convenient, and more cost-effective method [6–8].