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The immune and lymphatic systems, infection and sepsis
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Michelle Treacy, Caroline Smales, Helen Dutton
There are many causes of fever: Infection, e.g., bacterial, viral, fungal or protozoan.Autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythaematous.Inflammatory bowel disease.The breakdown of red blood cells, or haemolysis, from surgery can induce a temperature postoperatively.Myocardial infarction.Crush syndrome as a result of rhabdomyolysis.Drugs can also cause a ‘drug fever’, either as a direct consequence of the drug or as an adverse reaction to the drug (e.g., allergic reaction to antibiotics). Discontinuation of some drugs, for example heroin withdrawal, can induce a fever.
Adverse Reactions to Antibiotics in the Critical Care Unit
Published in Cheston B. Cunha, Burke A. Cunha, Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Critical Care Medicine, 2020
Diane M. Parente, Cheston B. Cunha, Michael Lorenzo
Drug fever is a hypersensitive reaction to a drug without cutaneous manifestations. Approximately 7% of febrile episodes are of drug-induced etiology [44]. In CCU patients, a majority will have fever episodes (without rash) and about half will be of non-infectious etiology [44]. Drug-induced fever is typically a diagnosis of exclusion and should be considered on the differential in patients on agents known to cause fever, e.g., β-lactams, sulfonamides, and amphotericin. An anti-infective-induced fever can occur at any time during therapy, and fever patterns can be characterized as continuous, remittent, intermittent, or a combination thereof. A clue to drug fever is the presence of relative bradycardia. The presentation of fever may coincide with the administration time of the agent.
Novobiocin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Erythematous or urticarial rashes are quite common and may occur in 10–15% of patients if treatment is continued for 1 week or longer. Drug fever may also occur. More serious allergic manifestations, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, have also been encountered (Martin and Wellman, 1967). Hemorrhagic cutaneous lesions have been described, possibly due to a coumarin-like effect of the drug. Rarely, allergic pneumonitis or myocarditis may occur (Riley, 1970).
Colony stimulating factors for prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in children
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2022
Based on national trends in US from 2007 to 2014, fever occurs in about one-third of neutropenic episodes in children with cancer or hematopoietic cell transplantations with range of 10 to 60% [7]. Approximate rate of fever occurrence was 0.76 episodes per every 30 days of neutropenia. Rate of hospitalizations for febrile neutropenia in pediatric cancer patients ranged from 13 to 18 per 100,000 population and the incidence increased over time. For these patients, the median length of stay was 4 to 5 days and overall mortality rate was 0.75%. Comorbidities that were most frequently associated with mortality were sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis, and mycosis. Other noninfectious causes of fever in pediatric cancer patients were drug fever, cancer-related fever, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary emboli (PE), transfusion reaction, and dysautonomia [7].
Current antimicrobial management of community-acquired pneumonia in HIV-infected children
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2019
Serious adverse events related to cotrimoxazole include rash (Stevens Johnson syndrome and erythema multiforme), drug fever, haematological abnormalities (neutropaenia, anaemia, thrombocytopaenia), renal dysfunction (interstitial nephritis), electrolyte disorders and liver toxicity. Induction of tolerance to TMP/SMX using a graded challenge approach has been used following a hypersensitivity reaction [86]. Discontinuation of cotrimoxazole and use of alternative second-line treatment for PCP should be instituted for severe adverse events. Alternative treatment options include pentamidine, atovaquone, dapsone plus trimethoprim, and primaquine plus clindamycin but there is limited data in children [8]. Dosing information is provided in Table 2.
Phase I study of glypican-3-derived peptide vaccine therapy for patients with refractory pediatric solid tumors
Published in OncoImmunology, 2018
Nobuhiro Tsuchiya, Ako Hosono, Toshiaki Yoshikawa, Kayoko Shoda, Kazuto Nosaka, Manami Shimomura, Junichi Hara, Chika Nitani, Atsushi Manabe, Hiroki Yoshihara, Yosuke Hosoya, Hide Kaneda, Yoshiaki Kinoshita, Kenichi Kohashi, Kenichi Yoshimura, Norihiro Fujinami, Keigo Saito, Shoichi Mizuno, Tetsuya Nakatsura
The adverse events observed in this trial are listed in Table 3. No dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) or dose-specific adverse events were observed. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events correlated with receipt of GPC3-peptide vaccine therapy were not observed in any patients during the follow-up period. Almost all of the adverse events were judged as grade 1, except for three grade 2 adverse events (cases 6 and 7: drug fever; case 6: upper respiratory infection). Although grade 3 adverse events (case 7: drug fever; case 10: epilepsy and depressed level of consciousness; case 15: fever, spasticity, and increased aspartate aminotransferase levels) were observed, the effect and safety evaluation committee, including the external members, judged these events unrelated to the treatment, but rather to disease progression. Thirteen patients experienced grade 1 or 2 transient immune-related events, including local skin reactions at the injection site, drug fever, and flushing. These results suggested that the GPC3-peptide vaccine therapy was well tolerated.