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Metabolomics and perinatal complications
Published in Moshe Hod, Vincenzo Berghella, Mary E. D'Alton, Gian Carlo Di Renzo, Eduard Gratacós, Vassilios Fanos, New Technologies and Perinatal Medicine, 2019
Flaminia Bardanzellu, Moshe Hod, Vassilios Fanos
Contrasting results have been shown by the group of Wandro and coworkers (24), evaluating stool samples from 32 very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates. Microbiome and metabolome were analyzed along 6 weeks of life (GC-MS). It was demonstrated that health outcome was not correlated with microbial communities or metabolites, even if in a small sample of patients. Such samples were characterized by low levels of Bifidobacterium spp. and high levels of Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. In these results, LOS did not influence metabolomics findings. According to the authors, the main factors influencing microbiome and metabolome resulted in nearly uniform antibiotic administration in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (24).
Microorganisms
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Louise Jayne Clark, Adam J Donne, R James A England, Hisham M Mehanna, Gerald William McGarry, Sean Carrie, Basic Sciences Endocrine Surgery Rhinology, 2018
Ursula Altmeyer, Penelope Redding, Nitish Khanna
The enterobacteriaceae are a group of Gram negative bacilli that are part of the resident flora of the human gut. They are facultatively anaerobic and many of these organisms are common in clinical isolates, although only few of them are invariably pathogenic (Table 19.11).
Ceftizoxime, Cefdinir, Cefditoren, Cefpodoxime, Ceftibuten, Cefsulodin, and Cefpiramide
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Mesut Yilmaz, David L. Paterson
Cefsulodin is administered parenterally and has enhanced activity against P. aeruginosa (Barry et al., 1981); for this reason some authors describe it as a fourth-generation cephalosporin. However, its activity against the Enterobacteriaceae is compromised.
Origins of human milk microbiota: new evidence and arising questions
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Shirin Moossavi, Meghan B. Azad
Although some bacterial groups containing environmental opportunistic pathogens such as Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonadaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae were enriched in the milk of mothers who pumped, our observational study could not assess the causal role of pumping, nor the clinical significance of infant exposure to these milk bacteria. It is relevant to note that while they are potential pathogens, Stenotrophomonas and Pseudomonadaceae are common environmental bacteria, frequently detected in drinking water where they do not cause harm in healthy individuals.29 Similarly, species belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family are common members of the gastrointestinal microbiota and most strains are harmless to the host.30 Overall, in the absence of strain-level information, absolute quantification, and evidence for colonization of these bacteria in the infant gut or upper respiratory tract, it is not possible to confirm the clinical significance of these milk bacteria. Studies designed specifically to address these questions are warranted, given the substantial and increasing use of breast pumps worldwide,31 and evidence that the bacterial content of pump-expressed milk varies considerably depending on the setting, handling, and cleaning of the pump equipment.32 We are aware of one such study (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03123874)33 and eagerly await the results.
Alcohol decreases intestinal ratio of Lactobacillus to Enterobacteriaceae and induces hepatic immune tolerance in a murine model of DSS-colitis
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Paulius V. Kuprys, Abigail R. Cannon, Jennifer Shieh, Noama Iftekhar, Sun K. Park, Joshua M. Eberhardt, Xianzhong Ding, Mashkoor A. Choudhry
IBD flares and colitis models are characterized by increases in intestinal Enterobacteriaceae,15–17,47 with similar increases noted in individuals with chronic alcohol consumption.14,18,48 We observed that the combination of colitis and ethanol increased the Enterobacteriaceae greater than that seen in either experimental group separately. In fact, ethanol alone did not produce any significant changes, suggesting that the presence of preexisting intestinal inflammation may be required in order for ethanol to have an effect on the Enterobacteriaceae. The observed increases in the Enterobacteriaceae are relevant as they can penetrate the mucus layer of UC patient intestines,15,16,21 and studies carried out in UC disease models show that this penetration occurs before the onset of intestinal tissue damage.22,23 Furthermore, selectively limiting the expansion of Enterobacteriaceae in a mouse model of colitis has been shown to decrease colitis severity.49
Prediction of infection caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: development of a clinical decision-making nomogram
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2018
Ana García-Tello, Helena Gimbernat, Cristina Redondo, Elisa Meilán, David M. Arana, Juana Cacho, Juan F. Dorado, Javier C. Angulo
A retrospective cohort study was developed. To find the study group patients, all urine cultures positive for Enterobacteriaceae detected at the Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain, from January 2010 to January 2014 were reviewed. All isolates with ESBL-positive strains were identified, and only isolates from symptomatic patients who had been hospitalized or admitted to the emergency room were selected. These patients were collected as cases. Isolates received during the first week of each month during the study period from symptomatic patients who had been hospitalized or admitted to the emergency room with non-ESBL producers were selected, and these patients were included as control subjects. For patients with recurrent infections, only isolates from the first episode were included, i.e. if a patient had more than one infection caused by ESBL from the beginning of the study to the end, only the first episode was registered in the database.