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Photography in Hair Diseases
Published in Rubina Alves, Ramon Grimalt, Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Hair Diseases, 2021
While taking photos of the vertex area, if the stereotactic device cannot be used, the patient should be instructed to tilt the head back and look at the ceiling. For mid-frontal scalp photography, the patient should be instructed to interlock fingers and position their hands flat on the table. The hands should be covered with a cloth to remove this distraction in the photograph. The patient should be instructed to place their face on their hands. To capture the frontal hairline, the patient should be instructed to place the chin between the thumbs and index fingers. To capture the temporal areas, the patient should be positioned approximately 45° to the camera [2].
Mammography and Interventional Breast Procedures
Published in Raymond Taillefer, Iraj Khalkhali, Alan D. Waxman, Hans J. Biersack, Radionuclide Imaging of the Breast, 2021
Only a few instances exist in which core needle biopsy is not helpful: The histologic diagnosis of the lesion by needle biopsy will not shorten the diagnostic process.The removal of the entire lesion is necessary for diagnosis.The lesion cannot be successfully targeted [184]. Some patients or lesions may not be technically suited for stereotactic biopsy. Women who cannot lie prone or undergo extended breast compression are not candidates for the procedure. In addition, some lesions located far posteriorly in the breast cannot be imaged satisfactorily with the stereotactic device [184].
Toxoplasma gondii
Published in Peter D. Walzer, Robert M. Genta, Parasitic Infections in the Compromised Host, 2020
Biopsy has proved diagnostic by histopathological examination in only 50% of reported cases of toxoplasmic encephalitis, but the organism could be isolated in other cases by inoculation of the specimen into mice (13,372a). The CAT scan and MRI are useful for the localization of accessible lesions. Post (315) found that coronal views are more likely to demonstrate the extent of the lesion to be biopsied; however, the MRI may prove even more sensitive (369). Both intraoperative sonography and needle biopsy with a stereotactic device have proved useful for the diagnosis of deep lesions.
Dapagliflozin modulates neuronal injury via instigation of LKB1/p-AMPK/GABAB R2 signaling pathway and suppression of the inflammatory cascade in an essential tremor rat model
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2023
Ahmed S. Kamel, Sama M. Farrag, Heba M. Mansour, Noha N. Nassar, Muhammed A. Saad
Electroencephalographic recording (EEG) was captured on PowerLab device (4/30) (ML866; 430–1387, ADI instrument, Dunedin, New Zealand) in rats under urethane anesthesia (1.6 g/kg) [33]. A 29-gauge, 12-mm long stainless steel subdermal needle electrodes with a 2-mm connector pin were used (MLA1204, ADI instrument, Dunedin, New Zealand). Insulated flexible 1.25 m cables connected three electrodes to the input of the electroencephalograph animal bio-amplifier (ML136; BA1826, ADI instrument, Dunedin, New Zealand). To inspect the depth of anesthesia, either toe, or tail pinching is done. After stabilizing the anesthesia, the animal’s head was securely positioned on a stereotactic device. The leads were positioned subcutaneously according to Singh et al. (2018) [34]. Neuronal activities were recorded for a 5-min baseline, then another 5 min were recorded after the administration of drugs. Only one single channel was used for recording the EEG. The sampling ratio was adjusted at 1.0 kHz and the amplification range was set to 2 mV and the signal was band-pass filtered between 1 and 200 Hz. Each recording was examined every 10-s period and the mean frequency, amplitude, and percentage total power were measured using LabChart Pro version 7 software (LabChart Pro v7.3.8 ADI instrument, Dunedin, New Zealand). Power spectral density panes were obtained using fast Fourier transform (FFT) with Hann window.
Central injection of neuropeptide Y modulates sexual behavior in male rats: interaction with GnRH and kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2021
Vahid Azizi, Shahrbanoo Oryan, Homayuon Khazali, Abdolkarim Hosseini
The animals were deeply anesthetized by a mixture of ketamine (80 mg kg−1) and xylazine (10 mg kg−1). It was done to conduct cannulation and intra-cerebral third ventricle injection. To put it briefly, in order to find the coordinates of the area of injection, the animals were placed in stereotactic device after being anesthetized. Then, according to the coordinates given in the Paxinos and Watson atlas (AP = −2.3, ML = 0.0, and DV = 6.5), the area for cannulation was specified [19]. After inserting the cannula into the brain, the rats were transferred slowly to their sterile individual cages. They were kept in the animals’ room for one week to go through the period of recovery. After a one-week recovery period, 56 rats were divided into two major groups (behavioral (n = 32) and molecular assessment (n = 24)). The rats divided in 4 groups intracerebroventriculary received 3 μl vehicle, NPY (2.3 nmol), BIBP3226 (NPYRA) (7.8 nmol) and NPYRA (7.8 nmol) + NPY (2.3 nmol) in order to study the sexual behavior (n = 8 per groups), and the other rats received the same treatments for studying gene expression (n = 6 per groups). For ICV micro-injection, The NPY (GL Biochem Ltd, Shanghai, China) and BIBP3226 (GL Biochem Ltd, Shanghai, China) were dissolved in 0.1% trifluoroacetic in 100% acetonitrile. The prepared solutions were injected (through microinjection method) slowly into the cerebral third ventricle of the rats in one minute. To do so, Hamilton syringe (5 μl, USA) and polyethylene tube were made use of.
Fn14-targeted BiTE and CAR-T cells demonstrate potent preclinical activity against glioblastoma
Published in OncoImmunology, 2021
Gaowei Li, Zongliang Zhang, Linjun Cai, Xin Tang, Jianhan Huang, Lingyu Yu, Guoqing Wang, Kunhong Zhong, Yi Cao, Chang Liu, Yuelong Wang, Aiping Tong, Liangxue Zhou
We collected a primary patient-derived GBM sample (Supplementary Fig. S1 C) and modified the tumor cells with luciferase gene (GBM-FFluc) for later use. Then PDXs were established by intracranially injecting GBM-FFluc cells (2 × 105) into each mouse using the stereotactic apparatus. On day 7, mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 4/group), and two groups were used to assess the cytotoxicity of Fn14× CD3 BiTE. Concretely, T cells (5 × 105) and Fn14× CD3 BiTE (10 ng) in 5 μl X–vivo medium were injected directly into the lesion.29 Control mice were treated with identical amounts of NT cells suspended in 5 μl X–vivo medium. Treatments were carried out using a stereotactic device once every two days for a total of four times. For cytotoxicity evaluation of Fn14-redirected CAR-T cells in the other three groups, CD19 CAR-T, Fn14 CAR-T or Fn14 CAR-T/IL-15 cells (1 × 107) were administered once via the tail vein. In this study, tumors were imaged based on bioluminescence using the IVIS system (Caliper Life Sciences). Body position strongly influences bioluminescence intensity, so every mouse was measured three times in different body positions in order to reduce measurement error. Mouse death served as the endpoint of the experiment.