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Ear Trauma
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Minor head injuries are extremely common. Concussion (synonymous with mild traumatic brain injury) is a brief loss of consciousness, or any change in mental state, at the time of the accident. A subjective transient hearing loss occurs in 52% of cases lasting for up to 2 days, but there is little evidence for permanent loss. Tinnitus and hyperacusis are common. True vertigo is the only definite otological symptom occurring in 25% of cases, almost always disappearing within 10 days. Non-specific dizziness, often postural perceptive, occurs in many more cases.
Cross-Recurrence Quantification Analysis for Distinguishing Emotions Induced by Indian Classical Music
Published in Ayodeji Olalekan Salau, Shruti Jain, Meenakshi Sood, Computational Intelligence and Data Sciences, 2022
M. Sushrutha Bharadwaj, V. G. Sangam, Shantala Hegde, Anand Prem Rajan
The human brain is the central part of the nervous system and is extremely complex in carrying out its functions. All the actions and reactions of the body are monitored and regulated by the brain. The brain controls the functions and different actions of the body by acquiring information from the sense organs, analyzing the data received and responding to the information suitably. Brain is a complex nonlinear system where all information is perceived, and nonlinear processing of signals obtained from the brain can be used to assess the behavior of the person. Signals from the brain can be recorded using modalities such as electroencephalography (EEG), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which give valuable information about the structural and functional changes in the brain due to several activities (D’Elia and Madaffari 2012).
Neuroimaging in Nuclear Medicine
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
Anne Larsson Strömvall, Susanna Jakobson Mo
Brain tumours are treated with surgery and in many cases chemotherapy and radiotherapy are indicated. Imaging of brain tumours primarily rely on MRI. However, there are several implications for functional neuroimaging in the diagnostic work-up and during the course of treatment of gliomas [2].
RNA-sequencing revealed apple pomace ameliorates expression of genes in the hypothalamus associated with neurodegeneration in female rats fed a Western diet during adolescence to adulthood
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
Ayad A. Alawadi, Vagner A. Benedito, R. Chris Skinner, Derek C. Warren, Casey Showman, Janet C. Tou
Neurodegenerative diseases are a growing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. Factors such as poor diet during childhood or adolescence contribute to an unhealthy environment that prevents the brain from reaching complete maturation which increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease [2]. The Western (WE) diet is characterized by calorically dense foods high in saturated fats and refined sugars, but low in dietary fibers and polyphenols. In preclinical studies, the WE diet has been found to promote neuroinflammation and to induce insulin resistance particularly, in the hypothalamus [3]. Located in a highly vascularized region of the brain, the hypothalamus communicates nutrient sensing and energy metabolism with the body as well as acts as the primary regulator of whole-body aging [4]. Therefore, inflammation of hypothalamic neurons can lead to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease [5].
Leukocyte telomere length is not shortened in methamphetamine dependence or methamphetamine-induced psychosis but is increased following traumatic events
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2022
Teerayuth Rungnirundorn, Kuakarun Krusong, Rasmon Kalayasiri, Michael Maes
Subjects and measures have been described in previous study (Kalayasiri et al. 2014). We recruited 370 participants of Thai nationality, aged 18–65 years old of both sexes. All participants were hospitalised in the Princess Mother National Institute on Drug Abuse Treatment in Thailand for treatment of MA-related problems due to government regulations for drug using individuals. We included only individuals who used MA more than 10 times in their lifetime. Participants were categorised by DSM IV-TR criteria into MA dependence and abuse. The exclusion criteria for both groups were (a) other axis 1 diagnosis including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, psycho-organic disorders, substance use disorders other than methamphetamine use, nicotine and alcohol dependence (including opioid and marijuana dependence), (b) neurological diseases including stroke, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, brain injury, epilepsy, or dementia, and (c) (auto)immune disorders including rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. The study procedure was approved by the Human Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (Grant number RA 58/069). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
Action observation training and brain-computer interface controlled functional electrical stimulation enhance upper extremity performance and cortical activation in patients with stroke: a randomized controlled trial
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Su-Hyun Lee, Seong Sik Kim, Byoung-Hee Lee
Stroke can be described as an interruption of the blood supply to the brain or hemorrhage into the brain tissue (Seitz and Donnan, 2015; Sharp and Brouwer, 1997). After stroke, up to 85% stroke survivors experience impairment of an upper extremity, and between 55 and 75% of survivors continue to experience upper extremity functional limitations associated with diminished health-related quality of life (Kiper et al., 2018; Nichols-Larsen et al., 2005). Therefore, recovery of the upper-limb function is important for the independent living of the patients with stroke (Kwah and Herbert, 2016; Sheng and Lin, 2009). Recently, methods in stroke rehabilitation based on the mirror neuron system have been proposed as an alternative or complement to rehabilitation (Cengiz et al., 2018; Hioka et al., 2019; Zhang, Fong, Welage, and Liu, 2018). These methods include action observation (AO), motor imagery (MI) and imitation, and may enhance the reorganization of function in damaged neural networks to minimize motor deficits (Garrison, Winstein, and Aziz-Zadeh, 2010). The mirror neuron system plays an essential role in both action understanding and imitation, and might explain the human capacity to learn by imitation (Rizzolatti and Craighero, 2004). Mirror neurons are able to induce specific neurophysiological changes in some corticocortical circuits of the human motor system (Hannah, Rocch, and Rothwell, 2018; Koch et al., 2010) and they can be activated by the simple observation of others’ goal-directed actions (Cengiz et al., 2018; Lang et al., 2012).