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Central nervous system neoplasms
Published in Ibrahim Natalwala, Ammar Natalwala, E Glucksman, MCQs in Neurology and Neurosurgery for Medical Students, 2022
Ibrahim Natalwala, Ammar Natalwala, E Glucksman
Regarding CNS tumours, which of the following are true and which are false? The most common intracranial tumour is a gliomaPrimary CNS tumours in adults are most commonly found below the tentorium cerebelliA ‘negative’ CT scan of the head excludes intracranial tumoursOn first diagnosis, primary brain tumours are usually low gradeHeadaches and epilepsy are the most common presenting symptoms of a primary brain tumour
Headache
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Stephen Silberstein, Shuhan Zhu
Some secondary causes of headache are (because of another, often ominous, disorder):Cortical venous thrombosis or cranial sinus thrombosisSubarachnoid hemorrhagePre-eclampsia or eclampsia associated with elevated blood pressure (associated with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome [RCVS])StrokeIdiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri)Pituitary tumor and pituitary apoplexyHeadache associated with trauma to the head or neck, or to infection or disease of the meninges, sinuses, eyes, or ears
Neurology
Published in Kaji Sritharan, Jonathan Rohrer, Alexandra C Rankin, Sachi Sivananthan, Essential Notes for Medical and Surgical Finals, 2021
Kaji Sritharan, Jonathan Rohrer, Alexandra C Rankin, Sachi Sivananthan
Post-concussion syndrome: patients often complain about symptoms (headache, dizziness, poor sleep, poor memory or concentration) many months after the initial (often mild) head injury; the cause of which is unclear.
The consideration of post-exercise impact on SCAT3 scores in athletes immediately following a head injury
Published in Brain Injury, 2023
Stephanie Iring-Sanchez, Jenna Tosto, Michelle Favre, Sinae Kim, Michael Falvo, Jorge M. Serrador
In examining the mean scores of the symptom clusters, we explored whether specific clusters could demonstrate less overlap between group, to better distinguish between players with a head injury (exercised with a head injury) and those without (exercised controls) in this study. The results showed a significant difference among the four identified symptom clusters (Cognitive-Sensory, Headache, Emotional-Affective, Hypersensitive). However, as seen in Figure 3, the distribution differs most in the symptom cluster “Headache” composed of: Pressure in Head, Headache, Feeling Slowed down, Dizziness, and Don’t Feel Right. Under this cluster only 6% of the control players reported symptoms above the median. Clinically, the symptoms listed within this cluster may provide a better indicator of players who experienced a head injury and are more at risk of a concussion compared to players who just played a game. These clusters have the potential to be used to predict a pattern across players who have experienced a head injury
The stability of self-reported professional football concussion history among former players: A longitudinal NFL-LONG study
Published in Brain Injury, 2022
Zachary Yukio Kerr, Avinash Chandran, Benjamin L. Brett, Samuel R. Walton, J. D. DeFreese, Rebekah Mannix, Ruben J. Echemendia, Michael A. McCrea, Kevin M. Guskiewicz, William P. Meehan
Within each GHS iteration, participants were presented with a standardized definition of concussion: ‘ … occurs from a blow to the head and is followed by a variety of symptoms that may include any of the following: headache, dizziness, loss of balance, blurred vision, ‘seeing stars,’ feeling in a fog, or slowed down, memory problems, poor concentration, nausea, or throwing up. Getting “knocked out” or being unconscious does NOT always occur with a concussion’ (21,23). In 2001, participants filled in the number of concussions they sustained during four football settings: high school, college, armed forces, and professional. In 2010, participants solely filled in the number of concussions they sustained during professional football. In 2019, participants first responded to whether they had ever sustained a concussion. If yes, they then answered the number of concussions they sustained during five football settings: before high school (e.g., middle school, youth league), high school, college, professional, and other football (e.g., Armed Forces, Semi-Pro); and non-football-related (e.g., other sports, car crash, fall). Also, whereas in the 2001 and 2010 GHS, participants could denote any numeric value for the number of concussions sustained, in the 2019 GHS, participants chose from pre-determined responses on an interval scale (i.e., 0, 1, 2, …, 10, >10).
Greater symptom burden results in reduced exercise tolerance in adolescents following concussion
Published in Brain Injury, 2022
Andrew Fyffe, Michael A. Carron, Rhonda Orr, Maree Cassimatis, Gary Browne
Concussion is often referred to as a ‘silent epidemic,’ with an estimated six per 1000 people sustaining a concussion, globally, each year (1). Concussion may be caused by linear and rotational contact forces directly to the head or body resulting in a combination of physical, emotional and neurocognitive symptoms, including headaches, visual complications, disorientation and confusion (2,3). It is defined as a transient neurological dysfunction where the impairments experienced by individuals are generally acute and recovery is less than four weeks (4). However this is not always the case. The most common cause of concussion in adolescents is sport, accounting for approximately 77% of concussions in 12–14 year olds and 73% for 15–17 year olds (5). While mechanism of injury (sport – and non-sport-related) is often used to differentiate forms of concussion, the symptoms reported are the same and this dichotomy may be arbitrary and unnecessary (4,6,7). Young people are more vulnerable to concussion and take longer to recover than adults due to a number of anatomical, physiological, neurobiological and behavioral factors such as developing postural stability, coordination and reaction time, brain maturation and engagement in risk-taking behaviors (8–10). Early recognition and intervention are key factors in avoiding a prolonged recovery. In some cases symptoms can take many weeks or months to resolve (11,12).