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Communication Skills Stations
Published in Peter Kullar, Joseph Manjaly, Livy Kenyon, Joseph Manjaly, Peter Kullar, Joseph Manjaly, Peter Kullar, ENT OSCEs, 2023
Peter Kullar, Joseph Manjaly, Livy Kenyon, Joseph Manjaly, Peter Kullar, Joseph Manjaly, Peter Kullar
Explain the risks of surgery. In this case, explain that it is a safe operation but the patient should be aware of the risks, as with any surgery.Infection – This is rare but is usually easily manageable with antibiotic ear drops.A persistent perforation (hole in the eardrum) – Sometimes this needs another operation.There may be a small amount of pain or bleeding, but this usually settles very quickly.
Tinnitus
Published in Alexander R. Toftness, Incredible Consequences of Brain Injury, 2023
Tinnitus is often thought of as ringing in the ears that occurs after hearing loud noises. However, tinnitus can be caused by a variety of things (e.g., loud noise, infections, brain tumors, a misaligned jaw, etc.) and may take a variety of phantom noise-forms. In an old but fascinating collection of tinnitus noise descriptions, one doctor wrote that the noise may resemble a “bee humming; noise of shell; horse out of breath, puffing; thumping noise; continual beating; crackling sounds in the head … furnace blowing; constant hammering; rushing water … railway whistling; distant thunder; chirping of birds; kettle boiling; waterfall; mill wheel; music; bells” (Jones et al., 1890, p. 668). Thus, pitch, volume, and annoyingness can all vary, with rare forms of tinnitus even resembling low voices or music. You know how annoying it is to be able to hear someone speaking, but to not be able to hear exactly what they are saying? Now imagine that happening all of the time, inside of your brain. There are milder forms of tinnitus from which you generally recover in short order and, as we will see, those cases are the lucky ones. Here, in this particular book, we will be discussing the more severe sort of tinnitus—that is, haunting noise that repeats over and over and over.
Tinnitus
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Tinnitus, or ringing in the ears, is a perceived sound that is unrelated to an external noise source. The sensation is often described as a high-pitched ringing, roaring, buzzing, hissing, screeching, whistling, whooshing, or other sounds. Tinnitus can be temporary, or chronic and persistent. Symptoms are often worse when background noise is minimal, so the individual is often most aware of it at night when trying to fall asleep.
Do all infants with congenital hearing loss meet the 1-3-6 criteria? A study of a 10-year cohort from a universal newborn hearing screening programme in Singapore
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2023
Joanna Z. T. Tang, Pick Gate Ng, Jenny H. Y. Loo
The degree of hearing loss for each infant’s individual ear was determined based on the averaged 4 frequencies (i.e. 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz) thresholds (4FA) obtained from diagnostic auditory brainstem response (ABR) assessment. Between 2000 and 2010, clinical diagnosis was based on click and tone-burst stimuli (Medelec Synergy Plinth), but results from later years were obtained using click and narrow-band CE-Chirps stimuli (Eclipse EP 25 Module). The degree of hearing loss from the better ear was used in cases of bilateral hearing loss, and from the ear with hearing loss for cases of unilateral hearing loss. The 4FA value was classified as: mild (21 to 40 dB HL), moderate (41 to 70 dB HL), severe (71 to 90 dB HL) or profound (>90 dB HL) loss. Tympanometry-1000 Hz (GSI TympStar,) results and the type of hearing loss (i.e. sensorineural, conductive, or mixed) were also recorded for individual ears.
The applications of targeted delivery for gene therapies in hearing loss
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2023
Melissa Jones, Bozica Kovacevic, Corina Mihaela Ionescu, Susbin Raj Wagle, Christina Quintas, Elaine Y. M. Wong, Momir Mikov, Armin Mooranian, Hani Al-Salami
The complex structure of the mammalian ear is divided into three primary sections, classified as the outer, middle, and inner ear, with all parts required to work in an organised, controlled synergistic nature for hearing to occur. Focus here will be on the inner ear, which has roles in both hearing and balance [38]. The inner ear contains the cochlea where auditory signals are transduced. Located within the cochlea are three ducts, termed the scala vestibule, scala media, and scala tympani. Within the scala media of the cochlea, the organ of Corti is positioned, with the primary function of transducing auditory signals. The organ of Corti contains both inner and outer hair cells, being mechanosensory hair cells arranged in rows, with three rows of outer hair cells and one row of inner hair cells in the luminal half of the organ. Also located within are supporting cells of a non-sensory nature, positioned throughout the basement membrane to the luminal surface in a highly organised pattern [23,39,40].
Randomised controlled trial of interventions for bothersome tinnitus: DesyncraTM versus cognitive behavioural therapy
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2022
Sarah M. Theodoroff, Garnett P. McMillan, Caroline J. Schmidt, Serena M. Dann, Christian Hauptmann, Marie-Christine Goodworth, Ruth Q. Leibowitz, Chan Random, James A. Henry
The final eligibility criteria have been described above. Several criteria were adjusted in the first two months of the study because of 33 candidates who had in-person evaluations during that timeframe, only one met the eligibility criteria to be enrolled. To increase the enrolment rate, the following changes were made: (1) the TQ criterion score was reduced from ≥44, suggestive of severe bothersome tinnitus to ≥37 and then to ≥30, suggestive of moderate-to-severe bothersome tinnitus; (2) tonal tinnitus between 0.2 and 10 kHz, as determined by the device software’s pitch-matching procedure. In cases of bilateral tinnitus, or when the tinnitus was more than one sound, the participant was instructed to pitch-match to the most dominant tinnitus sound. Bilateral presentation of the therapy tones was only provided when there was less than a 10% difference in the pitch-matched frequency between the two ears. Otherwise, the therapy tones were presented monaurally to the ear with the dominant tinnitus.