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Anatomical Considerations to Improve Aesthetic Treatments Using Neuromodulators
Published in Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Optimizing Aesthetic Toxin Results, 2022
Nicholas Moellhoff, Sebastian Cotofana
The shape of the chin corresponds mainly to the underlying mentalis muscle (Figure 11.6). It has its bony origin inferior to the labiomental sulcus. The muscle fibers travel inferiorly and insert directly into the dermis. Mentalis muscle contraction elevates the chin and everts the lower lip. Dimpling of the overlying skin can occur due to the dermal fiber insertions.
The lower third of the face
Published in Jani van Loghem, Calcium Hydroxylapatite Soft Tissue Fillers, 2020
Facial harmony can be defined as balance between the elements of the face. Augmentation of the chin is a powerful way of improving facial harmony, especially in patients who have a retruded chin. Retrognathia is a condition where the mandible is set further back than the maxilla, making it look like the person has severe overbite. Surgically, this can be corrected with cutting the mandible and moving it forward. This is quite an invasive procedure with considerable risks and downtime. CaHA can be used with minimal risk, discomfort, and downtime for the patient, and can produce a significant improvement in facial harmony.
Anatomy of the Lower Face and Neck
Published in Neil S. Sadick, Illustrated Manual of Injectable Fillers, 2020
Evan Ransom, Stephen A. Goldstein
The single most dominant bony structure in the lower face is the mandible, which provides both support and contour for the overlying soft tissues. The mandible is generally larger in men, approximately 5 mm greater in height at the body and ramus, and approximately 5 mm thicker at the body. In the female face, the jawline is typically softer, with a smoother transition from the face to the upper cervical structures creating a less pronounced shadow effect than in males. Men have a more apparent mental protuberance, a prominent elevation of bone inferior to the symphysis. Two important anthropometric points are determined by the size and position of the mandible: the pogonion and the menton. The pogonion is the most anterior point of the mandible in the midline, while the menton is the lowest point of the mandible. A cleft chin occurs when there is incomplete inferior fusion of the right and left hemimandible during embryogenesis and fetal development. This is a heritable trait with varying penetrance. There are varying individual and cultural preferences related to the desirability of chin clefts.
Visual perceptual deficits and their contribution to walking dysfunction in individuals with post-stroke visual neglect
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2020
Tatiana Ogourtsova, Philippe S. Archambault, Anouk Lamontagne
Apparatus and stimuli. During the visual-perceptual testing, the participant was positioned in front of a computer screen within their reaching distance with the sternum aligned to the middle of the screen. The height of the screen was adjusted so that the eye level was at the 2/3 of the screen. A chin rest was used to support the head and minimise head movements. The EyeTribe® eye tracker (Eye Tribe, Copenhagen, Denmark) was used during the experiment to ensure the position of gaze on the screen for each recorded response (60 Hz sampling rate) (Figure 1). Trials that were included in the final threshold calculations were those when the subject maintained gaze fixation on a predefined circular area of the screen (radius of 5 degrees of visual angle). The stimuli were generated and responses were recorded with a Pentium 4 computer equipped with a Matrix 10-bit Parhelia512 graphic card. Stimuli were presented on a ViewSonic E90FB .25 non-interlaced CRT monitor set to an 85 Hz refresh rate, 1024 × 768 resolution. Prior to testing, a gamma correction procedure was carried out to linearise the luminance output of the monitor.
Evaluation Criteria and Surgical Technique for Transoral Access to the Thyroid Gland: Experimental Study
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2019
Alexander M. Shulutko, Vasiliy I. Semikov, Elkhan G. Osmanov, Sergey E. Gryaznov, Anna V. Gorbacheva, Alla R. Patalova, Gaukhar T. Mansurova, Airazat M. Kazaryan
Unlike all the other widespread remote extracervical types of surgical access, the present type of surgical access is less traumatic due to the smaller area of detachment in the skin and muscle flap.26–29 The short muscles located over the thyroid gland lobe are not crosscut but are dislocated laterally with further fixation using the piercing ligature. The muscle structures within the chin area are also minimally traumatized—partial crosscutting is applied to the bundles of the mentalis muscle and the platysma muscles (in the area of mental protuberance). It is necessary to fit together and suture the incised bundles of the mentalis muscle to avoid the postoperative formation of lower lip ptosis. Creating an operating cavity in the neck area using the lifting method excludes the development of possible complications related to gas insufflation. In clinical practice one should expect the development of sensitivity disorders in the chin area and swelling of the anterior neck segments. Nakajo et al. reported that the swelling was resolved within several days and the sensitivity in the chin area within 6 months after the operation.21
The uncommon occurrence of two common inherited disorders in a single patient: a mini case series
Published in Ophthalmic Genetics, 2018
Francisca Zuazo, Alina V. Dumitrescu
SS is a hereditary arthro-ophthalmopathy (4) which can present with multi-system involvement and variable phenotypes (2) that develops over a life-time (8) and is caused by a defective collagen production. Signs include congenital high myopia, retinal detachment, hearing loss, premature osteoarthritis and craniofacial abnormalities (2). It is characterized by a flat face, cleft palate, and small chin (9). The pathognomonic feature of SS patients is an irregular vitreous architecture on exam due to abnormal embryological development (10). Type 1 SS is due to mutations in type II collagen gene COL2A1 (MIM# 120140) and usually presents a membranous congenital vitreous abnormality. Type 2 SS, due to mutations in COL11A1 (MIM# 120280), encoding for the α1 chain of type XI collagen, is associated with beaded congenital vitreous anomaly. Mutations in the gene coding for the α2 chain of type XI collagen, COL11A2 (MIM# 120290) may result in Type 3 SS which is distinguished by cleft palate, deafness, and arthropathy, but normal vitreous and ocular structures (9,10).